Lab 2/Lecture 3: Midline Bones

Question 1

With a lateral strain pattern which axes are involved and which direction do the sphenoid and occiput rotate?

Answer 1

Rotate in same direction about 2 vertical axes

Question 2

Lateral strain patterns are named for the postion of what on what?

Answer 2

Basi-sphenoid relative to the basi-occiput

Question 3

What axes of rotation are involved in a Vertical Strain pattern and which direction do the Sphenoid and Occiput rotate?

Answer 3

Spehnoid and occiput rotate about 2 transverse axes in the same direction

Question 4

In SBS torsion, the rotation of the SBS is along what type of axis?

This axis runs from where to where and motion is in which plane?

Sphenoid and occiput rotate in which direction?

Answer 4

• AP-axis
• Motion in a coronal plane
• Sphenoid and Occiput rotate in opposite directions

Question 5

Which motion is occuring to the parietal and temporal bones during an SBS torsion?

Answer 5

ER on the side of the torsion

Question 6

Which way does the mandible shift during an SBS torsion?

Answer 6

Toward the side of the torsion

Question 7

What occurs to the size of the orbit on the side of an SBS torsion?

Answer 7

Orbit becomes smaller on the side of SBS torsion

Question 8

SBS sidebending occurs around which axes, located where, and in which plane?

Sphenoid and occiput rotate in which directions?

Answer 8

• 2 vertical axes in the transverse plane
• One axis through the body of the sphenoid
• One axis through the center of the foramen magnum
• Sphenoid and occiput rotate in opposite directions on these axes

Question 9

In SBS side-bending and rotation the sphenoid and occiput rotate about which axis and in which direction?

Answer 9

Rotation about a transverse axis and in the same direction (coronal plane)

Question 10

What are the midline/unpaired bones of the cranium?

Answer 10

• Sphenoid
• Occiput
• Vomer
• Ethmoid

- Mandible

SOVEM

Question 11

Cranial midline bones usually rotate about a _______ axis in a __________ direction.

Answer 11

Cranial midline bones usually rotate about a transverse axis in a anterior/posterior direction. –> flexion/extension

Question 12

During flexion of the SBS, the crista galli of the ethmoid swings in what direction?

Answer 12

Supeior and posterior = flexion of the ethmoid

Question 13

The ER/IR effects of the lateral masses of the ethmoid during SBS flexion/extension, is due to the pull/push of ER/IR by what?

Answer 13

Maxillae

Question 14

During SBS extension, extension of the Ethmoid swings the crista galli in which direction?

Answer 14

Inferior and Anterior

Question 15

Lymphatic backup due to ethmoid SD or sinusitis may contribute to headaches in what 2 ways?

Answer 15

1. Increased dural tension, which may be tied to migraine and/or tension HA
2. Vascular effects, which may lead to migraine symptomatology

Question 16

What are 3 clinical considerations tied to the Ethmoid?

Answer 16

1. Sinusitis –> lateral masses move into ER and open nasal passages
2. Septal deviation -> ethmoid spine allows for lateral deviation (i.e., breathing thru 1 nostril)
3. Headache –> lymph draining thru cribiform plate

Question 17

Vertical strains are named by the direction of?

Answer 17

Basisphenoid

Question 18

In SBS torsion the motion of the sphenoid and occiput occurs about what axis and in what direction?

Answer 18

Motion happens in opposite directions about an AP axis

Question 19

Which axes are involved in SBS lateral strain and which direction to the sphenoid and occiput rotate in relation to each other?

Answer 19

• 2 vertical axes: one thru foramen magnum + one thru body of sphneoid
• Sidebending (aka spin) of the occiput and sphenoid occurs in same direction

Question 20

For SBS sidebending rotation which axes exist for each movement and how do the sphenoid and occiput move in relation to eachother on each?

Answer 20

• Sidebending: 2 vertical axes… sphenoid and occiput spin in opposite directions
• Rotation: 1-AP (sagittal) axis… sphenoid and occiput spin in same direction

Question 21

How many bony articulations of the ethmoid?

Answer 21

9

Question 22

In internal rotation of the ethmoid, the lateral masses are compressed ____ as the ___ internally rotates as well.

Answer 22

In internal rotation of the ethmoid, the lateral masses are compressed inferiorly as the maxilla internally rotates as well.

Question 23

How do the palatines move during SBS flexion?

Answer 23

Palatines more into ER during SBS flexion

“FLexternal rot”

Question 24

The ___ ganglia influences trigeminal output. Motor fxn is to act ___, tensor tympani, and ___ ms. TMJ can influence this and cause changes in swallowing and ___.

Answer 24

The pterigopalatine ganglia influences trigeminal output. Motor fxn is to act mastication, tensor tympani, and palate ms. TMJ can influence this and cause changes in swallowing and speaking.

Question 25

The eustachian tube lies in the groove between the __ __ bone and the __ __ of the sphenoid

Answer 25

The eustachian tube lies in the groove between the petrous temporal bone and the greater wing of the sphenoid

Question 26

What are 2 causes of headaches?

Which vessels are examples?

Answer 26

• Distention/traction of arteries: MMA and superficial temporal as
• Impaired venous drainage: caused by cranial strains

Question 27

What might a temporal bone torsion cause?

Answer 27

Compression of the facial nerve

Compression of trigeminal ganglion

Question 28

What is the motion of the sacrum in SBS flexion?

Extension?

Answer 28

Flexion = base moves posterior – counternutation

Extension = base moves anterior – nutation