Lab Flashcards
understand all lab material
What is the difference between osmolarity and tonicity?
Osmolarity is in regards to the concentration of all solutes and has no impact on water movement, while tonicity is in regards to non-penetrating solutes, and directly impacts the movement of water.
What is an example of a variable that could be on the x-axis on a line graph?
Measurements at every 5 degree increase of temperature/ measurements at 10 minute intervals
What makes a scatterplot different from a lie graph?
In a scatterplot, data is taken at any value of the x variable, whereas on a line graph, data is only measured at certain values of the x variable (ex. every ten minutes).
In Lab #3, in which solutions did the sacs have the highest percent change in mass, and what tonicity was the solution?
The solutions with the highest percent change in mass were the 0% and 15% sucrose concentrations. These solutions were hypotonic to the sac.
In Lab #3, in which solution was the median percent change in mass, and what was the tonicity of the solution.
The sac containing a 25% sucrose concentration had the median percent change in mass, which was approximately 0. This solution was isotonic to the sac.
In Lab #3, in which solutions did the sacs have the lowest percent change in mass, and what was the tonicity of these solutions?
The sacs containing a 35% and 50% sucrose concentration had the most negative percent change in mass. These solutions are hypertonic to the sacs.
What is a hypothesis?
A hypothesis is an educated, proposed explanatory statement identifying a dependent and independent variable.
What is the difference between a hypothesis and a prediction?
A hypothesis is a generalization of some observation, while a prediction estimates how the hypothesis is occurring, explaining some relationship.
Which part of a compound microscope should never be used between 10x-40x magnification?
Coarse focus knob
Adjusting what part of a compound microscope will make the image clearer?
Fine focus knob.
What is simple diffusion?
Solute freely crossing semi-permeable membrane, going from high to low concentration.
What is facilitated diffusion?
Solute crossing semi-permeable membrane, going from high to low concentration, with help of transport protein.
What is osmosis?
In cases of solutes being unable to cross the membrane, water will move down its concentration gradient instead.
What does an enzyme do to a reaction?
Catalyzes it by lowering the activation energy.
In order of importance, what 3 factors affect a solutes ability to cross the semi permeable membrane?
1-2. Charge, 1-2. Size, 3. Polarity.
What are the 2 types of inhibitors?
Competitive and non-competitive
Where do non-competitive inhibitors bind on the substrate?
Not on the active site.
What is a control?
A test that we can compare our actual results to.
Where do competitive inhibitors bind on the substrate?
On the active site.
What is a positive control?
A control that has a change. We know that this change will happen, therefore it is a control. ex. Glucose is a reducing sugar, therefore the solution turned red.
What is a negative control?
A control in which no change occurs. ex. absorbance of water is 0.
What is a reducing sugar?
A sugar that includes a ketone (three single bonded carbons and one double bonded oxygen), or an aldehyde group (carbon single bonded to a hydrogen and double bonded to an oxygen)
Are most monosaccharides or disaccharides reducing sugars?
Monosaccharides
What is produced when cyclin and CDK combine?
MPF (maturation promoting factor), allows for mitosis to start.
