lab

Question 1

we tend 2 depend more on egocentric location info as we age . T or F?

Answer 1

true

Question 2

name the 2 types of spatial info

Answer 2

1. location-based (using fixed point reference)
2. movement-based (info generated by our own movements)

Question 3

main types of location-based info:

Answer 3

1. piloting:
   commonly used by pilots, trig used 2 calculate hidden location by visible points of reference
2. beacon homing:
   look 4 visual landmark close 2 where we want 2 go + move 2wards it

Question 4

name main types of movement-based info:

Answer 4

1. optic flow
2. sensory flow
3. vestibular info
4. motor efferent copy
5. kinaesthetic info

Question 5

optic flow def

Answer 5

brain processes how both focal + peripheral visual info changes as we move thru enviro
–>
estimates movement direction + speed

Question 6

sensory flow def

Answer 6

like optic flow, but involves other senses (like changes in sound dynamics)

Question 7

vestibular info def

Answer 7

can detect head acceleration, deceleration, + rotation

Question 8

motor efferent copy def

Answer 8

if intention is 2 take step forward, signal sent 2 muscles + nervous system notes that step forward is being taken

Question 9

kinaesthetic info def

Answer 9

tells us what part of our body is moving, how it’s moving

Question 10

path integration uses mostly movement cues. what r the issues w that (+ solution)

Answer 10

firing of neurons not associated w navigation introduce neuronal noise in2 system
→ over time noise starts 2 degrade navigation system’s accuracy
→ thus, most organisms use both movement- + location-based info
→ spatial info used 2 reset spatial info in NS (solution)

Question 11

‘yes’ bias = …?

Answer 11

1. more hits + false alarms
2. -c = ‘yes’ bias

Question 12

‘no’ bias = …?

Answer 12

1. less hits + false alarms, more misses + more correct rejections
2. +c = ‘no’ bias

Question 13

what does ‘c’ represent

Answer 13

response criterion/bias

Question 14

the larger the d-prime score, the better u were @ task (higher sensitivity) . T or F?

Answer 14

true, and this wld mean c = 0 (absence of response bias)

Question 15

why might u have +c

Answer 15

1. if it’s a low stakes task (doesn’t really matter if u notice signal)
2. if signal’s not v noticeable + easy 2 miss

Question 16

how is wave height measured in EEG?

Answer 16

measured as the total change on voltage between the peak + trough of the electrical waveform

Question 17

reference electrode (EEG experiment def)

Answer 17

standard against which the changes @ the active electrode r assessed

Question 18

ground electrode (EEG experiment def)

Answer 18

reduces electrical noise

Question 19

hypotheses of EEG experiment

Answer 19

1. groups measuring frm the occipital lobe will see an ERP when there is a visual signal,, but won’t c one when there is an auditory signal
2. groups measuring frm the temporal lobe will see an ERP when there is an auditory signal, but won’t c one when there’s a visual signal

Question 20

duration of a particular process can b found by….

Answer 20

obtaining 2 measurements of time that include the process + subtracting one frm the other (subtraction method)

Question 21

what processes/responses thought 2 underly choice RT task (4 choices available, what key u press depends on letter presented)

Answer 21

detect, identify, select, execute

Question 22

go/no go task (if u see ‘C’, push button ‘N’).. what processes involved?

Answer 22

detect, identify, execute (no longer a choice tho)
→
so using subtraction method:
choice RT - go/no go RT = response selection time

Question 23

simple RT task (press ‘N’ when u c anything on screen), involves processes detect + execute… how wld u use subtraction method 2 find stimulus identification time

Answer 23

go/no go RT - simple RT = stimulus identification time

Question 24

outline the assumptions of the subtraction method

Answer 24

1. assumption of seriality (no overlap of tasks)
2. assumption of independence (removal of one task does not affect other tasks)
   →
   not used super often now in cognitive psych since it’s difficult 2 meet these assumptions (still used 4 fMRI)