Lab 16:Reproductive System Flashcards
Occurs when the sperm are transferred directly to the female’s body, and the secondary oocytes are fertilized inside of the female.
Internal Fertilization
When the embryos are retained in the female’s body.
Viviparity
Contain three parts, the head, midpiece, and tail.
Sperm
On head of sperm. Composed of granular enzymes to dissolve the zona pellucida.
Acrosome
Surrounds the the secondary oocyte.Glycoprotein gelatinous covering of the oocyte.
Zona pellucida
Contains the mitochondria for energy production.
Midpiece
A flagellum below the midpiece that propels the sperm cell.
Tail
Male copulatory organ and contains erectile tissues.
Penis
Located the length of the penis and dorsally to the urethra. Makes up bulk of penis.
Copora cavernosa
Located the length of the penis beneath the corpora cavernosa. Encircles the urethra.
Copora Spongiosum
Contain a series of lobules which contain the seminiferous tubles. Primary reproductive organs of males. Produce sperm and hormones.
Testes
Lines the lumen of the tubules and produces the spermatids.
Seminiferous epithelium
Produce testosterone and are associated with the lobules.
Interstitial cells
An external sac of skin and smooth muscle containing the testes.
Scrotum
Series of convoluted ducts combining into a comma-shaped organ located on the posterior surface of each teste.
Epididymis
connect the epididymis with the ejaculatory ducts. Serve as sites for sperm storage and conduct sperm to the ejaculatory ducts during an ejaculation.
Ductus deferens
Formed by the merging of the ducts from the seminal vesicle and the vas deferens. Conduct sperm to the urethra.
Ejaculatory ducts
This is a large tube connecting the urinary bladder with the distal end of the penis. Conducts sperm and urine.
Urethra
Sac-like glands, about 5cm. Their ducts empty into the ductus deferens. Produce about 60% of semen volume
Seminal vesicles.
Gland surrounding the urethra where it exits the bladder. Produces about 30% of semen vilume
Prostate gland
Pair of small glands located laterally on the urethra posterior to the prostate gland. They produce an alkaline mucus which lubricates the head of the penis.
Bulbourethral gland
The male copulatory organ which transfers the sperm directly to the female’s vagina.
Penis
These structures are composed of a primary oocyte surrounded by a single layer of squamous cells.
Primordial follicles
These follicles are larger than the primordial follicles and the primary oocytes. They are surrounded by several layers of cuboidal cells.
Primary follicles
These follicles develop a fluid-filled cavity called the antrum that surrounds the secondary oocyte.
Secondary follicles
These large follicles have a well developed central chamber called the antrum.
Mature follicles
Surrounds the outside of the antrum.
Granulosa cells
Layer of cells that surround the zona pellucida on the inside of the antrum.
Corona radiata
The glandular tissue that develops from the mature follicle after ovulation of the secondary oocyte.
Corpus luteum
Primary reproductive organs of females.
Ovaries
Small ducts that open into the body cavity near each of the ovaries. Extend from the ovaries to the uterus.
Uterine
The uterine tubes widen into a funnel shaped structure that opens into the body cavity immediately next to the ovary. The opening has long and thin feather like projections called fimbrae.
Infundibulum
A thick muscular organ that lies between the uterine tubes and vagina. Is is posterior to the urinary bladder, and anterior to the rectum. Innermost layer is called the endometrium and is the location of fetal development.
Uterus
The inferior part of the uterus, immediately superior to the vagina.
Cervix
The tube that extends from the uterus to the outside of the female’s body.
Vagina
The female’s external genitalia. Composed of four structures.
Vulva
A pad of fatty tissue that is superior to the pubic symphysis. Serves to cushion the pubic symphysis during intercourse.
Mons pubis
These are a pair of thick folds of skin on either side of the vaginal opening. Partially protect the vaginal opening and are involved in sexual arousal.
Labia majora
These are a pair of smaller folds of skin that lie beneath the labia majora and surround the urethral and vaginal openings.
Labia minora
This is a small projection located between the labia majora just below the mons pubis. Is is homologous to the glans penis in males and functions in sexual arousal.
Clitoris
Four major events during the first trimester
Cleavage, implantation, placentation, and embryogenesis
When the secondary oocyte is fertilized it becomes a single cell that is called the _______.
Zygote
The zygote undergoes a series of subdivisions which reduce the amount of cytoplasm in the cells, which are called _________.
Blastomeres
The blastomeres subdivide for about three days to form a solid ball of cells called the _______.
Morula
The morula reaches the uterus about day four and during the next two days it develops into a hollow ball of cells called the _________.
Blastocyst
This membrane is formed from the endoderm and mesoderm. it eventually gives rise to the urinary bladder.
Allantois
This membrane is formed from the mesoderm and the outer cell layer of the blastocyst. It differentiates into the fetal portion of the placenta as the embryo enlarges.
Chorion
________ is the differntiation of the fetal and maternal portions of the placenta.
Placentation
The chorion develops finger like projections called ___________.
Chorionic villi
The differentiation of the body of the embryo and the rudimentary development of the organ systems.
Embryogenesis
A pouch formed from the endoderm and mesoderm. It is an initial site of blood cell formation.
Yolk sac
This membrane is formed from the ectoderm and mesoderm. Lines inner surface of the amniotic cavity. This and the amniotic fluid surround and protect the growing embryo.
Amnion
Occurs when the blastocyst becomes embedded in the endometrium of the mother’s uterus.
Implantation
The inner cell layer becomes detached from the outer cell layer. The separation yields a fluid called_____________
Amniotic fluid
By the 12th day a third cell layer develops, and the blastocyst becomes a structure called the ________.
Gastrula