Lab 15

Question 1

Acrosomal reaction

Answer 1

Is when the capacitated sperm heads release enzymes from the acrosomal in the sperm head when it comes into contact with the egg

Question 2

Blastocyste

Answer 2

Developing embryo reaches the uterus, a hallow ball of about 100 cells

Question 3

Capacitation

Answer 3

The change undergone by sperm in the female reproductive tract that enables them to swim rapidly and fertilize an egg

Question 4

Cleavage

Answer 4

Series of synchronized mitotic cell divisions of the fertilized egg that results in the formation of blastomeres & changes single cell zygote into an embryo

Question 5

Corpus luteum

Answer 5

Yellowish mass that secretes hormones that continues preparations for pregnancy. Produces estrogen and progesterone after ovulation

Question 6

Differentiation

Answer 6

Developmental process during which cells take on different forms and functions

Question 7

Diploid

Answer 7

Having the basic chromosome number doubled. A cell or organism consisting of 2 sets of chromosome, 1 from mom, 1 from dad. In diploid state the haploid number is doubled

Question 8

Embryo

Answer 8

Multicellular organism that primarily undergoes extensive & rapid growth and differentiation between the time of fertilization and fetal state in lower forms

Question 9

Fertilization

Answer 9

Union of two gametes where the somatic chromosome number is restored & the development of a new individual is initiated

Question 10

Fetus

Answer 10

Unborn or unhatched vertebrate. Developing human from usually two months after conception of birth

Question 11

Gamete

Answer 11

Mature male or female germ cell usually possessing a haploid chromosome set and capable of initiating formation of a new diploid individual by fusion with a gamete of opposite sex

Question 12

Gastrulation

Answer 12

The process of becoming or of forming a gastrula

Question 13

Gestation period

Answer 13

The length of time during which gestation takes place

Question 14

Haploid

Answer 14

Having the gamete number of chromosomes or half the number characteristic of somatic cells. Having a single set of unpaired chromosomes.

Question 15

Implantation

Answer 15

The act or process of implanting or state of being implanted. Process of attachment of the embryo to the maternal uterine wall

Question 16

Inner cell mass

Answer 16

Portion of the blastocyst of a mammalian embryo that is destined to become the embryo proper

Question 17

Oogenesis

Answer 17

Formation and maturation of the egg also called ovogenesis

Question 18

Ovulation

Answer 18

Release of a mature egg/ovum from its follicle in the ovary

Question 19

Parturition

Answer 19

The action or process of giving birth

Question 20

Polyspermy

Answer 20

Fertilization of an egg by more than one sperm. Entrance of several spermatozoa into one egg

Question 21

Spermatogenesis

Answer 21

Process of male gamete formation including formation of a primary spermatocyte from a spermatogonium, meiotic division of spermatocyte, & transformation of 4 resulting spermatids into spermatozoa

Question 22

Tubal ligation

Answer 22

Ligation of the fallopian tubes that by preventing passage of ova from the ovaries to the uterus as a method of female sterilization

Question 23

Vasectomy

Answer 23

Surgical division or resection of all or part of the vas deferens usually to induce sterility

Question 24

Zona pellucida

Answer 24

Protective transparent more or less elastic noncellular glycoprotein outer layer coat or envelope of a mammalian ovum often traversed by numerous radiating striae

Question 25

Zygote

Answer 25

Fertilized egg. Cell formed by 2 gametes; the developing individual produced from such a cell

Question 26

The male gonads or testes are made up of these coiled structures where sperm is produced

Answer 26

Seminiferous tubules

Question 27

Sperm migrate to this structure where they mature and are stored temporarily

Answer 27

Epididymis

Question 28

In preparation of ejaculation, the sperm move along this tube to the ampulla

Answer 28

Vas deferens

Question 29

Secretions from this structure are added at the

Answer 29

Seminal vesicle

Question 30

A milky solution that contains a buffer, enzymes and nutrients is added to the semen by this gland

Answer 30

Prostate gland

Question 31

Along with other secretions, this gland secretes mucus into the tract

Answer 31

Urethra

Question 32

Sperm can live for ____ days in the female reproductive tract

Answer 32

5-6 days

Question 33

Eggs or ova are produced, stored and mature in the female gonads called

Answer 33

Ovary

Question 34

Ova mature inside of this bundle of cells

Answer 34

ova mature in fluid filled chambers called ovarian follicles

Question 35

Typical menstrual cycle lasts ____ days

Answer 35

28 days

Question 36

Maturing follicles secrete this hormone

Answer 36

Estrogen

Question 37

When estrogen levels spike around day 12, there is a surge in ____________ secretion from the anterior pituitary

Answer 37

Luteinizing hormone

Question 38

The ejection of the oocyte from the ovarian follicle is called?

Answer 38

?

Question 39

Cilia on the inside surface of these fingerlike projections at the end of the fallopian tube help to draw the egg into the tube

Answer 39

Fimbriae

Question 40

The egg lives for ______, and if not fertilized will be removed along with the uterine lining during menstruation

Answer 40

12-24 hours

Question 41

The release of enzymes from the head of the sperm onto the oocyte's outer layer is called the?

Answer 41

The acrosomal reaction

Question 42

Through polymerization of this protein, an acrosomal process extends toward the vitelline envelope

Answer 42

Bindin

Question 43

In order for the egg to accept the sperm, the protein ______ found on the outside of the acrosomal process must specifically bind to receptors on the oocyte membrane

Answer 43

Bindin

Question 44

After the plasma membranes of the sperm and the egg fuse, sodium diffuses into the egg. Depolarization creates the first step in preventing multiple sperm from fertilizing the egg. This prevention step is called the?

Answer 44

Fast block to polyspermy

Question 45

Once all steps are taken to prevent more than one sperm from fertilizing the egg, the egg now creates a __________ in order to draw the sperm's nucleus into the egg

Answer 45

Fertilization cone

Question 46

A cell (as with this fertilized egg) that has 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 total) is called a?

Answer 46

Diploid cell

Question 47

The technical name of a fertilized egg is a?

Answer 47

Diploid zygote

Question 48

Fertilization occurs here in the fallopian tube

Answer 48

Ampulla

Question 49

Sperm can reach the egg in

Answer 49

10-15 minutes

Question 50

Cell division following fertilization is called?

Answer 50

Cleavage

Question 51

The solid mass of cells formed as it moves along the fallopian tube is called a?

Answer 51

Morula

Question 52

IN the uterine cavity, the mass of cells becomes hollow, a structure called the?

Answer 52

Blastocyst

Question 53

This cell mass becomes the placenta and embryonic membranes

Answer 53

Blastocyst

Question 54

This inner cell mass becomes the

Answer 54

Embryo

Question 55

These hormones, produced by the corpus luteum, thicken the endometrium

Answer 55

Progesterone and estrogen

Question 56

Implantation begins around day ____ following fertilization

Answer 56

day 7

Question 57

Pregnancy is initiated when this process takes place

Answer 57

Implantation into the wall of the uterus

Question 58

The formation of the three germ layers is called

Answer 58

Gastrulation

Question 59

The three germ layers are

Answer 59

Ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm

Question 60

This germ layer will become the skin and structures of the nervous system

Answer 60

Ectoderm

Question 61

This germ layer will become the bone, muscle, and connective tissue

Answer 61

Mesoderm

Question 62

This germ layer will become the linings of the respiratory and digestive tracts and the liver and pancreas

Answer 62

Endoderm

Question 63

A thin-walled hollow structure in early embryonic development that contains a cluster of cells called the inner cell mass from which the embryo arises. The outer layer of cells gives rise to the placenta and other supporting tissues needed for fetal development within the uterus while the inner cell mass cells gives rise to the tissues of the body.

Answer 63

Blastocyst

Question 64

The change undergone by spermatozoa in the female genital tract that enables them to penetrate and fertilize an egg.

Answer 64

Capacitation

Question 65

A process in sexual reproduction that involves the union of male (sperm) and female (ovum) gametes (each with a single, haploid set of chromosomes) to produce a diploid zygote.

Answer 65

Fertilization

Question 66

The embryo in the stage following the blastula or blastocyst; the simplest type consists of two layers of cells, the ectoderm and endoderm

Answer 66

Gastrula

Question 67

Then endoderm gives rise to?

Answer 67

The digestive & respiratory tracts and associated structures

Question 68

The ectoderm gives rise to?

Answer 68

The skin, sense organs, and nervous system

Question 69

The mesoderm gives rise to?

Answer 69

The skeleton, circulatory system, muscles, excretory system, and most of the reproductive system

Question 70

During this time, the three embryonic tissue layers move into the positions where they begin to develop into the adult organs and tissues

Answer 70

Gastrulation

Question 71

The release of the ripe egg (ovum) from the ovary. The egg is released when the cavity surrounding it (the follicle) breaks open in response to a hormonal signal. Occurs around 14 or 15 days from the first day of the woman's last menstrual cycle. When this occurs, the ovum moves into the Fallopian tube and becomes available for fertilization

Answer 71

Ovulation

Question 72

The strong membrane that forms around an ovum as it develops in the ovary. The membrane remains in place during the egg's travel through the fallopian tube. To fertilize the egg, a sperm must penetrate it. If fertilization takes place, the it disappears, to permit implantation in the uterus.

Answer 72

Zona pellucida

Question 73

Fertilization takes place when the spermatozoon has successfully entered the?

Answer 73

Ovum and the two sets of genetic material carried by the gametes, fuse together, resulting in the zygote, (a single diploid cell). This usually takes place in the ampulla of one of the fallopian tubes.