Lab 13 Flashcards
Includes over 800 species characterized by their cartilaginous endoskeletons, powerful jaws, and well developed sense organs
Class Chondrichthyes - Cartilaginous fishes
These fishes have gills that occur in rows of 5-7 and lack moveable gill covers. Possess paired pelvic and pectoral fin which improve stabilization and maneuverability. Includes sharks, skates, and rays
Elasmobranchs
Instead of a swim bladder Elasmobranchs rely on their body shape and an _____ for buoyancy
Oil-filled liver
Elasmobranchs teeth are easily lost and replaced and are derived from ___ ____ that cover the body
placoid scales
Elasmobranchs have ____ gill covers and a ___ tail
immovable
heterocercal
The vertebrate jaw evolved from ____ in primitive fishes
the most anterior of gill arches
This class includes the lobe-finned fishes. Have bony endoskeletons, paired fins, movable operculum
Class Sarcopterygii - lobe-finned fishes
Lobe finned fishes have a ____ tail and the vertebrae extends to the end
Diphycercal tail
Includes two species of coelacanth, six species of lungfish, and Tikaalik
Class Sarcopterygii-lobe finned fishes
A fossil of a lobe-finned fish named ____ had gills and scales like a fish but the neck of an amphibian
Tiktaalik
Includes the Ray finned fishes. Bony endoskeleton, dermal scales, median and paired fins, swim bladder, gills with operculum
Class Actinopterygii
Ray-finned fishes that include sturgeon and paddlefish
Chondrosteans
Ray-finned fishes that include teleosts or modern bony fishes
Neopterygians
On the inner margin of a fish’s gills are the ____ which are used to stop food particles from fouling or damaging the gills
gill rakers
The cardiovascular system of a fish is a ____
single loop system, two chambered heart
Include Caecilians, frogs, toads, and salamanders
Amphibians
___ is thin and highly vascularized and is important for respiration but ineffective at preventing water loss
Amphibian skin
Amphibian eggs are fertilized ___ and hatch into aquatic larvae called ____
externally
tadpoles
A few species of salamander exhibit ____ the retention of larvall traits
paedomorphosis
Apoda =
Anura =
Caudata =
caecilians
frogs and toads
salamanders and newts
A frog has ___ and ____ teeth used for holding prey
maxillary and vomerine
Amphibians and reptiles have a heart with ___ chambers
three
Frogs use ____ to breathe
positive pressure respiration
This class includes turtles, lizards, and snakes
Reptilia
Reptiles were the first truly ____
terrestrial vertebrates
Modern reptiles are ___ meaning they derive their body temperature from external sources
Ectotherms
The largest order of reptile includes all lizards, and snakes
Squamata
Turtles are in order
chelonia
Crocodilians are unique among the modern reptiles in that their heart has ___ chambers
four
Turtles can survive ____ conditions using their shell
anoxic
Mammals evolved from a distinct lineage of tetrapods called the
synapsids
Mammals distinguish themselves from other vertebrates by the presence of
hair and mammary glands
Have a sheath of keratin that surrounds a bony core attached to the skull
true horns
Composed of bone but not keratin and are shed annually. Usually occur on males only.
antlers
Lay eggs, young drink mothers milk but dontsuckle
monotremes
Live birth, young develop in pouch
marsupials
Internal development with long gestation
placental mammals
Many mates
promiscuous
Single female have many male mates
Polyandry
Single male and many female mates
Polygamy
