Lab 13

Question 1

Includes over 800 species characterized by their cartilaginous endoskeletons, powerful jaws, and well developed sense organs

Answer 1

Class Chondrichthyes - Cartilaginous fishes

Question 2

These fishes have gills that occur in rows of 5-7 and lack moveable gill covers. Possess paired pelvic and pectoral fin which improve stabilization and maneuverability. Includes sharks, skates, and rays

Answer 2

Elasmobranchs

Question 3

Instead of a swim bladder Elasmobranchs rely on their body shape and an _____ for buoyancy

Answer 3

Oil-filled liver

Question 4

Elasmobranchs teeth are easily lost and replaced and are derived from ___ ____ that cover the body

Answer 4

placoid scales

Question 5

Elasmobranchs have ____ gill covers and a ___ tail

Answer 5

immovable

heterocercal

Question 6

The vertebrate jaw evolved from ____ in primitive fishes

Answer 6

the most anterior of gill arches

Question 7

This class includes the lobe-finned fishes. Have bony endoskeletons, paired fins, movable operculum

Answer 7

Class Sarcopterygii - lobe-finned fishes

Question 8

Lobe finned fishes have a ____ tail and the vertebrae extends to the end

Answer 8

Diphycercal tail

Question 9

Includes two species of coelacanth, six species of lungfish, and Tikaalik

Answer 9

Class Sarcopterygii-lobe finned fishes

Question 10

A fossil of a lobe-finned fish named ____ had gills and scales like a fish but the neck of an amphibian

Answer 10

Tiktaalik

Question 11

Includes the Ray finned fishes. Bony endoskeleton, dermal scales, median and paired fins, swim bladder, gills with operculum

Answer 11

Class Actinopterygii

Question 12

Ray-finned fishes that include sturgeon and paddlefish

Answer 12

Chondrosteans

Question 13

Ray-finned fishes that include teleosts or modern bony fishes

Answer 13

Neopterygians

Question 14

On the inner margin of a fish’s gills are the ____ which are used to stop food particles from fouling or damaging the gills

Answer 14

gill rakers

Question 15

The cardiovascular system of a fish is a ____

Answer 15

single loop system, two chambered heart

Question 16

Include Caecilians, frogs, toads, and salamanders

Answer 16

Amphibians

Question 17

___ is thin and highly vascularized and is important for respiration but ineffective at preventing water loss

Answer 17

Amphibian skin

Question 18

Amphibian eggs are fertilized ___ and hatch into aquatic larvae called ____

Answer 18

externally

tadpoles

Question 19

A few species of salamander exhibit ____ the retention of larvall traits

Answer 19

paedomorphosis

Question 20

Apoda =
Anura =
Caudata =

Answer 20

caecilians
frogs and toads
salamanders and newts

Question 21

A frog has ___ and ____ teeth used for holding prey

Answer 21

maxillary and vomerine

Question 22

Amphibians and reptiles have a heart with ___ chambers

Answer 22

three

Question 23

Frogs use ____ to breathe

Answer 23

positive pressure respiration

Question 24

This class includes turtles, lizards, and snakes

Answer 24

Reptilia

Question 25

Reptiles were the first truly ____

Answer 25

terrestrial vertebrates

Question 26

Modern reptiles are ___ meaning they derive their body temperature from external sources

Answer 26

Ectotherms

Question 27

The largest order of reptile includes all lizards, and snakes

Answer 27

Squamata

Question 28

Turtles are in order

Answer 28

chelonia

Question 29

Crocodilians are unique among the modern reptiles in that their heart has ___ chambers

Answer 29

four

Question 30

Turtles can survive ____ conditions using their shell

Answer 30

anoxic

Question 31

Mammals evolved from a distinct lineage of tetrapods called the

Answer 31

synapsids

Question 32

Mammals distinguish themselves from other vertebrates by the presence of

Answer 32

hair and mammary glands

Question 33

Have a sheath of keratin that surrounds a bony core attached to the skull

Answer 33

true horns

Question 34

Composed of bone but not keratin and are shed annually. Usually occur on males only.

Answer 34

antlers

Question 35

Lay eggs, young drink mothers milk but dontsuckle

Answer 35

monotremes

Question 36

Live birth, young develop in pouch

Answer 36

marsupials

Question 37

Internal development with long gestation

Answer 37

placental mammals

Question 38

Many mates

Answer 38

promiscuous

Question 39

Single female have many male mates

Answer 39

Polyandry

Question 40

Single male and many female mates

Answer 40

Polygamy