Lab 12

Question 1

Phylum Echinodermata includes what 5 things

Answer 1

Crinoidea
Asteroidea
Ophiuroidea
Echinoidea
Holothuroidea

Question 2

Phylum Chordata include what three things

Answer 2

Urochordata
Cephalochordata
vertebrata

Question 3

The remaining three animal phyla we will study in this semester are

Answer 3

deuterostomes

Question 4

Echinoderms have an internal skeleton of calcareous plates called _____ which of ten contains the spines thhat protrude through a thin layer of epidermis

Answer 4

ossicles

Question 5

Juvenile echinoderms are ____ symmetric whereas the adults are ____ symmetric

Answer 5

bilaterally

pentaradially

Question 6

The appendages and organs occur in groups or multiples of five

Answer 6

Pentaradial symmetry

Question 7

The water vascular system of echinoderms consists of water-filled canals with hollow projections form the body wall called ____ which serve as gills for gas exchange, feeding, or locomotion

Answer 7

tube feet

Question 8

The nervous system of echinoderms consists of a ______ and a ____ that extends along each arm

Answer 8

Circumoral nerve ring

radial nerve

Question 9

Includes sea lilies and feather stars, represent the most ancient group of echinoderms

Answer 9

Class Crinoidea

Question 10

The arms of class crinoidea radiate from the perimeter of the _____ in most species the five arms bifurcate near their bases to create a total of ten arms

Answer 10

central disc (crown)

Question 11

In class crinoidea each arm bears a bilateral series of jointed appendages called ____ which give the arms their feathery appearance

Answer 11

pinnules

Question 12

IN sea lilies (class crinoidea) a long ___ attaches the animal to the substratum.

Answer 12

stalk

Question 13

During periods of inactivity, feather stars (class crinoidea) cling to the bottom by means of grasping ____

Answer 13

cirri

Question 14

Includes sea stars

Answer 14

Class Asteroidea

Question 15

The bodies of class Asteroidea consist of a ____ from which the hollow arms project

Answer 15

central disc

Question 16

The mouth of class Asteroidea is located centrally on the underside of the disc called the ____

Answer 16

oral surface

Question 17

The upper surface of class Asteroidea is called the ____ surface

Answer 17

aboral

Question 18

On the aboral surface of class Asteroidea is where the ___ is located as well as the button-shaped ___

Answer 18

anus

madreporite

Question 19

Serves as the link between the water vascular system and surrounding sea water of sea stars

Answer 19

madreporite

Question 20

In class Asteroidea a wide furrow or _____ extends radially from the mouth along each arm

Answer 20

ambulacral groove

Question 21

The water vascular system of sea stars does what three things

Answer 21

Transports wastes/food
Movement
Respiration

Question 22

What is the flow of water through a sea star

Answer 22

Madreporite 
Stone Canals 
Ring canal 
Radial canal 
tube feet

Question 23

In class Asteroidea the body is covered with a thin epidermis through which calcareous spines protrude. At the base of each spine is a raised ring bearing pincer-like ____ which prevent encrusting parasite from growing on the sea stars

Answer 23

pedicellariae

Question 24

In sea stars (class asteroidea) when an ampulla contracts the ___ is extended via hydrostatic pressure

Answer 24

tube foot

Question 25

Includes brittle stars

Answer 25

Class Ophiuroidea

Question 26

Agile, energetic, and respond to stimuli quickly. Their arms are more flexible and detach easily as a defensive mechanism

Answer 26

Brittle Stars-- Class Ophiuroidea

Question 27

Includes sea urchins and sand dollars

Answer 27

Class Echinoidea

Question 28

The body of echinoids is enclosed within a shell or ___ of interlocking dermal plates that render the animal inflexible

Answer 28

test

Question 29

In urchins (class Echinoidea) long moveable ___ cover the test and protect the animal

Answer 29

spines

Question 30

Each spine of an urchin is attached via a

Answer 30

ball and socket joint

Question 31

Locomotion of urchins is achieved via the

Answer 31

tube feet

Question 32

Sea urchins and sand dollars (class Echinoidea) have a highly developed jaw apparatus called ____ that includes five pointy "teeth"

Answer 32

Aristotle's Lantern

Question 33

Includes sea cucumbers, the only echinoderms with bilateral symmetry

Answer 33

Class Holothuroidea

Question 34

The ventral surface of class Holothuroidea ;generally has three rows of ____

Answer 34

ambulacra

Question 35

The mouth of the sea cucumber (class holothuroidea) is surrounded by _____

Answer 35

buccal podia (tentacles)

Question 36

Respiration of the sea cucumber is accomplished by a ____ attached to the cloaca. Water is pumped in and out to allow gas exchange across the the thin walls.

Answer 36

respiratory tree

Question 37

Defense mechanisms of sea cucumbers (class Holothuroidea)

Answer 37

Many contain toxic chemicals | Direct their anus at predators and eject their toxic tubules

Question 38

Four features of all chordates

Answer 38

1. Notochord 2. Dorsal, hollow nerve cord 3. Pharyngeal gill slit 4. Post-anal tail

Question 39

Urochordata and Cephalochordata lack a ____

Answer 39

vertebral column

Question 40

Includes tunicates or sea squirts

Answer 40

Subphylum Urochordata

Question 41

Tunicates (subphylum Urochordata) possess all features of chordates, the adult form is modified into a sieve-like basket surrounded by a cellulose sac called a

Answer 41

tunic

Question 42

In tunicates (subphylum Urochordata) water enters through a ___ siphon and exits through a ___ siphon

Answer 42

incurrent | excurrent

Question 43

In tunicates (subphylum Urochordata) the water current is generated by cilia which line the ___. As the water passes through the ____ minute particles of food are filtered out and passed by cilia to the stomach

Answer 43

pharynx | pharyngeal gills slits

Question 44

Include lancelets

Answer 44

Subphylum Cephalochordata

Question 45

Lack fins and bones, have a poorly developed head, and possess only basic organ systems

Answer 45

lancelets

Question 46

Lancelets (subphylum Cephalochordata) burrow in sediments and expose their tentacles called ____. Excess water exits through an opening called a ____

Answer 46

cirri | atriopore

Question 47

Four features of subphylum vertebrata

Answer 47

1. Cranium 2. Cephalization 3. Endoskeleton 4. Adaptations to the circulatory and respiratory systems

Question 48

Thought to be descendents of the earliest known vertebrates. Unique morphology. Eel-like design, jawless mouth, pore like gill slits, lack of paired fins. Cartilagenous skeleton, diphycercal caudal fin, large eyes, one nostril, seven gills on each side.

Answer 48

Lampreys | Class Cephalospidomorphi

Question 49

Live in the sea then ascend freshwater rivers and streams to spawn

Answer 49

anadromous

Question 50

The eggs of the sea lamprey hatch into larvae known as ___ which share an uncanny resemblance to the lancelet

Answer 50

ammocoetes

Question 51

Distinguishing feature between lancelets and ammocoete

Answer 51

Ammocoete has 7 gill pouches | Lancelets have many gill slits