Lab 12 Flashcards
Phylum Echinodermata includes what 5 things
Crinoidea Asteroidea Ophiuroidea Echinoidea Holothuroidea
Phylum Chordata include what three things
Urochordata
Cephalochordata
vertebrata
The remaining three animal phyla we will study in this semester are
deuterostomes
Echinoderms have an internal skeleton of calcareous plates called _____ which of ten contains the spines thhat protrude through a thin layer of epidermis
ossicles
Juvenile echinoderms are ____ symmetric whereas the adults are ____ symmetric
bilaterally
pentaradially
The appendages and organs occur in groups or multiples of five
Pentaradial symmetry
The water vascular system of echinoderms consists of water-filled canals with hollow projections form the body wall called ____ which serve as gills for gas exchange, feeding, or locomotion
tube feet
The nervous system of echinoderms consists of a ______ and a ____ that extends along each arm
Circumoral nerve ring
radial nerve
Includes sea lilies and feather stars, represent the most ancient group of echinoderms
Class Crinoidea
The arms of class crinoidea radiate from the perimeter of the _____ in most species the five arms bifurcate near their bases to create a total of ten arms
central disc (crown)
In class crinoidea each arm bears a bilateral series of jointed appendages called ____ which give the arms their feathery appearance
pinnules
IN sea lilies (class crinoidea) a long ___ attaches the animal to the substratum.
stalk
During periods of inactivity, feather stars (class crinoidea) cling to the bottom by means of grasping ____
cirri
Includes sea stars
Class Asteroidea
The bodies of class Asteroidea consist of a ____ from which the hollow arms project
central disc
The mouth of class Asteroidea is located centrally on the underside of the disc called the ____
oral surface
The upper surface of class Asteroidea is called the ____ surface
aboral
On the aboral surface of class Asteroidea is where the ___ is located as well as the button-shaped ___
anus
madreporite
Serves as the link between the water vascular system and surrounding sea water of sea stars
madreporite
In class Asteroidea a wide furrow or _____ extends radially from the mouth along each arm
ambulacral groove
The water vascular system of sea stars does what three things
Transports wastes/food
Movement
Respiration
What is the flow of water through a sea star
Madreporite Stone Canals Ring canal Radial canal tube feet
In class Asteroidea the body is covered with a thin epidermis through which calcareous spines protrude. At the base of each spine is a raised ring bearing pincer-like ____ which prevent encrusting parasite from growing on the sea stars
pedicellariae
In sea stars (class asteroidea) when an ampulla contracts the ___ is extended via hydrostatic pressure
tube foot
Includes brittle stars
Class Ophiuroidea
Agile, energetic, and respond to stimuli quickly. Their arms are more flexible and detach easily as a defensive mechanism
Brittle Stars– Class Ophiuroidea
Includes sea urchins and sand dollars
Class Echinoidea
The body of echinoids is enclosed within a shell or ___ of interlocking dermal plates that render the animal inflexible
test
In urchins (class Echinoidea) long moveable ___ cover the test and protect the animal
spines
Each spine of an urchin is attached via a
ball and socket joint
Locomotion of urchins is achieved via the
tube feet
Sea urchins and sand dollars (class Echinoidea) have a highly developed jaw apparatus called ____ that includes five pointy “teeth”
Aristotle’s Lantern
Includes sea cucumbers, the only echinoderms with bilateral symmetry
Class Holothuroidea
The ventral surface of class Holothuroidea ;generally has three rows of ____
ambulacra
The mouth of the sea cucumber (class holothuroidea) is surrounded by _____
buccal podia (tentacles)
Respiration of the sea cucumber is accomplished by a ____ attached to the cloaca. Water is pumped in and out to allow gas exchange across the the thin walls.
respiratory tree
Defense mechanisms of sea cucumbers (class Holothuroidea)
Many contain toxic chemicals
Direct their anus at predators and eject their toxic tubules
Four features of all chordates
- Notochord
- Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
- Pharyngeal gill slit
- Post-anal tail
Urochordata and Cephalochordata lack a ____
vertebral column
Includes tunicates or sea squirts
Subphylum Urochordata
Tunicates (subphylum Urochordata) possess all features of chordates, the adult form is modified into a sieve-like basket surrounded by a cellulose sac called a
tunic
In tunicates (subphylum Urochordata) water enters through a ___ siphon and exits through a ___ siphon
incurrent
excurrent
In tunicates (subphylum Urochordata) the water current is generated by cilia which line the ___. As the water passes through the ____ minute particles of food are filtered out and passed by cilia to the stomach
pharynx
pharyngeal gills slits
Include lancelets
Subphylum Cephalochordata
Lack fins and bones, have a poorly developed head, and possess only basic organ systems
lancelets
Lancelets (subphylum Cephalochordata) burrow in sediments and expose their tentacles called ____. Excess water exits through an opening called a ____
cirri
atriopore
Four features of subphylum vertebrata
- Cranium
- Cephalization
- Endoskeleton
- Adaptations to the circulatory and respiratory systems
Thought to be descendents of the earliest known vertebrates. Unique morphology. Eel-like design, jawless mouth, pore like gill slits, lack of paired fins. Cartilagenous skeleton, diphycercal caudal fin, large eyes, one nostril, seven gills on each side.
Lampreys
Class Cephalospidomorphi
Live in the sea then ascend freshwater rivers and streams to spawn
anadromous
The eggs of the sea lamprey hatch into larvae known as ___ which share an uncanny resemblance to the lancelet
ammocoetes
Distinguishing feature between lancelets and ammocoete
Ammocoete has 7 gill pouches
Lancelets have many gill slits
