LAB 11: Reproductive System (Structures) Flashcards
Scrotum
-houses the testes
Testes
-produces sperm and testosterone
Epididymus
-storage and maturation of the sperm
Ductus deferens
-conveys sperm from the epididymus to the ejaculatory duct during ejaculation
Seminal vesicle (gland)
-secretes alkaline fluid containing fructose, fibrinogen, and prostaglandins
Ejaculatory duct
-conveys sperm and semen from the ductus defends and seminal vesicles to the urethra
Prostate gland
-secretes seminal-plasm to kill bacteria in the urinary tract
Bulbourethral gland
-secretes alkaline mucus prior to ejaculation for lubricating the glans penis and neutralizing urinary acids
Urethra (male)
-carries urine and semen to outside of the body
Corpora Cavernosa (more superficial) and Corpus Spongiosum (deeper)
-erectile bodies become engorged with blood for erections
Prepuse
-“foreskin”, skin over the tip of the penis
What is an inguinal hernia?
- occurs when tissue such as part of the intestine, protrudes a weak spot in the abdominal muscles, can result in a bulge that is painful
- caused my heavy lifting/pressure
- bad for men because it can disrupt the spermatic cord
What are the 8 components of semen?
- fructose (citric acid)
- clotting factor
- sperm
- relaxin
- alkeline fluid
- prostaglandins
- seminal plasmin
- fibriolyson
Frutose (citric acid)
-provides nutrients in the semen
Clotting factor
-coagulate sperm right after ejaculation to keep sperm in the vagina
Sperm
-fertilize egg
Relaxin
-enhances sperm motility
Alkaline fluid
-neutralizes acidic urethra (in male) and vagina
Prostaglandins
-stimulates uterine contraction, decrease velocity and cervical mucus
Seminal plasmin
-kills bacteria
Fibriolyson
-breaks down clot so sperm can swim away
Cremaster muscle
-raises the testes to the body for warmth
Dartos muscle
-contracting causes the scrotal skin to wrinkle for heat loss to cool the testes
List all the anatomical structures the sperm travels through from the seminiferous tubule to the penile urethra.
-seminiferous tubule –> rete testes –> ducts of epididymus –> epididymus –> ductus deferent –> ejaculatory duct –> prostate urethra –> penile urethra
Spermatogonia and spermatocytes
-undergo meiosis to increase genetic variability; may fertilize the oocyte
Nurse cells
-consumes residue cytoplasm during spermatogenesis
Interstitial cells
-produce testosterone
Ovary
-produce oocytes, secrete estrogen and progesterone
Fimbriae
-creates currents that pull oocyte through uterine tube
Uterine tubes
-conveys oocyte to uterus; optimal site for fertilization
Uterus
-houses the fetus
Cervix
-entrance to uterus; dilates from 1mm-10cm during childbirth
Clitoris
-developmental homologue to penis; sexual arousal
Labia minora
-hairless “lip” of flesh that flunk (what the fuck is this word) vaginal opening
Labia majora
-also flunks (??) vaginal opening; has pubic hair, sebaceous and apocrine sudoriferous glands
Vagina
-receives penis; birth canal
Vestibular glands
-keep area moist and lubricated
Two pituitary glands that regulate the ovarian cycle?
-FSH and LH
Main steps in ovarian cycle
- follicular phase
- ovulation
- corpus luteum
Primary function of estrogen?
-development of female secondary sex characteristics, thickening of the endometrium, regulation of menstration cycle
med levels: ovulation
high levels: LH stage
Layer of the endometrium shed
-functional zone
Layer of the endometrium the generates new tissue
-basilar zone
Muscle the myometrium is made of
-smooth muscle
2 ovarian hormones that regulate the uterine cycle?
-estrogen and progesterone
3 primary stages of the menstrual cycle
- menses (sheds endometrium)
- proliferative (ovaries develop and mature in prep for ovulation)
- secretory phase (corpus luteum secretes progesterone)
Trimester 1
-embryo genesis (all m major organ systems are formed)
Trimester 2
-growth and development for organ systems
Trimester 3
- organ systems completely develop
- fetus gains weight
