Lab 11 and 12 - Abdomen I and II

Question 1

Aneurysm

Answer 1

A balloon-like swelling of the wall of an artery, vein or heart

Generally the result of a congenital defect in the wall or degenerative disease or infection

Example: atherosclerosis or syphilis

Dissecting aneurysm is longitudinal splitting of the arterial wall from hemorrhage

Question 2

Anorexia

Answer 2

Loss of appetite

Question 3

Ascites

Answer 3

Abnormal intraperitoneal accumulation of serous fluid

Question 4

Ballottement

Answer 4

A palpation technique used in detecting or examining a floating object in the body

Question 5

Borborygmi

Answer 5

A gurgling, splashing sound heard over the large intestine, caused by passage of flatus through the intestine

Question 6

Cholecystitis

Answer 6

Inflammation of the gallbladder

Question 7

Cholelithiasis

Answer 7

Stone formation in the gallbladder

Question 8

Cirrhosis

Answer 8

A chrnoic disease of the liver characterized by fibrosis and alteration of normal liver architecture into structurally abnormal nodules

Question 9

Colic

Answer 9

Spasm in any hollow tubular soft organ accompanied by pain

Question 10

Constipation

Answer 10

Difficult defecation, infrequent defecation with passage of unduly hard dry fecal material or sluggish action of the bowels

Often defined as less than three bowel movements per week

Question 11

Diarrhea

Answer 11

Frequent liquid or loose stools lasting less than four weeks in duration

Question 12

Dyspepsia

Answer 12

Imperfect digestion

Not a disease in itself, but symptomatic of other diseases or disorders

Characterized by vague abdominal discomfort, a sense of fullness after eating, eructation, heart burn, nausea and vomiting, loss of appetitie

Question 13

Dysphagia

Answer 13

Difficulty swallowing

Question 14

Fistula

Answer 14

An abnormal tube like passage from a normal cavity or tube to a free surface or to another cavity

May be congenital due to incomplete closure of parts or may result from abscesses, injuries or inflammatory process

Question 15

Gastroesophageal reflux

Answer 15

Burning gnawing pain in mid-epigastrium that worsens with recumbency

Question 16

Hematemesis

Answer 16

Vomiting of blood

Question 17

Hematochezia

Answer 17

Passage of stool containing blood

Question 18

Hepatitis

Answer 18

Inflammation of the liver resulting in diffuse or patchy infiltrates

Question 19

Hernia

Answer 19

Protrusion of an organ or tissue through an opening in the muscle wall

Question 20

Hydronephrosis

Answer 20

Dilation of the renal pelvis and calces due to obstruction

Question 21

Icterus

Answer 21

Pigmentation of the tissues, membranes and secretions of the eye with bile pigment

Question 22

Intussusception

Answer 22

Prolapse or telescoping of one segment of intestine into another, causing intestinal obstruction

Question 23

Irritable bowel syndrome

Answer 23

Disorder of intestinal motility

Question 24

Jaundice

Answer 24

A condition characterized by yellowness of the skin, mucous membranes and body fluids due to deposition of bile pigment resulting from excess bilirubin in the blood

Question 25

Kehr sign

Answer 25

Abdominal pain radiating to the left shoulder, due to peritoneal irritation from blood or other irritants

Question 26

Melena

Answer 26

Evacuations resembling tar, due to action of intestinal juices on free blood

Question 27

Mesentery

Answer 27

Fa-shaped fold of peritoneum that holds the small intestin to the abdominal wall

Question 28

Peristalsis

Answer 28

The waveline motion by which the alimentary tract propels its content

Question 29

Pyelonephritis

Answer 29

Infection of the kidney

Question 30

Pyloric stenosis

Answer 30

Narrowing of the pyloric orifice

This may be due to excessive thickening of the circular muscle of the pylorus or hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the mucosa and submucosa

Question 31

Pylorus

Answer 31

Distal section of the stomach

Question 32

Resonance

Answer 32

A percussion sound obtained when the body part can vibrate freely

Question 33

Reflux

Answer 33

A return or backward flow

Question 34

Striae

Answer 34

Streaks or lines (with a silvery white or purple hue)

Skin striae that results from a weakening of the elastic tissue associated with pregnancy, weight gain, rapid growth periods and high levels of corticosteroids

Question 35

Tympany

Answer 35

A low pitched, resonant, drum-like sound heard while percussing the surface of a large, air-filled body space

Question 36

Volvus

Answer 36

Twisting of the intestine resulting in obstruction