Lab 10

Question 1

3. Know how to use the Hardy-Weinberg equation and what it tells you

Answer 1

p^2+2pq+q^2- calculate with allelic freq

Question 2

2. Know how to calculate allelic and genotypic frequencies

Answer 2

p= f(A)=f(AA)+ 1/2 f(Aa)
q=f(a)=f(aa)+1/2 f(Aa)

Question 3

4. Know how to use a chi-square to statistically test whether or not a population is in HWE

Answer 3

Sum of all (observed-expected)^2, everything over expected= chi squared. P value needs to be less than .05 to not be due to chance

Question 4

5. Be able to interpret a gel image of Alu marker genotype

Answer 4

2 bands- heterozygous
++- band at 400 bp
– - band at 100 bp

Question 5

Evolution is

Answer 5

the change in a population’s allelic frequency over time.

Question 6

Population genetics is

Answer 6

the division of genetics that explores the genetic composition of populations and how that changes over time, or evolves

Question 7

, called a Mendelian population

Answer 7

sexually reproducing individuals that are able to interbreed

Question 8

The set of genes within the population is termed the

Answer 8

gene pool

Question 9

Genetic drift

Answer 9

However, if the population size is small, the effect of random sampling can cause the allelic frequencies in the next generation to significantly deviate from the allelic frequencies of the previous population.

Question 10

Founder effect

Answer 10

founder effect, where a small number of individuals from one population leave and establish a new population

Question 11

bottleneck effect,

Answer 11

in which a population becomes reduced in number, can also result in genetic drift.

Question 12

In a beetle population study, a researcher finds that among 160 beetles, 56 are green
(recessive) and 104 are black (dominant). A chi-square test is performed to determine if the
population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. What does a chi-square value of 0.001 indicate
about the population?

Answer 12

The population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and the observed genotype frequencies
match the expected frequencies.

Question 13

What are transposons, and how do Alu elements relate to them?

Answer 13

Transposons are sequences of DNA that can move to different positions within the genome of
a single cell, and Alu elements are one of the most common types found in the human genome.