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Lab Exam 8,9 & 10 > Lab 10 > Flashcards

Lab 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Proteins or glycoproteins on the extracellular side of the cell membrane are

A

Antigens

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2
Q

Antigens that are coded in an individual’s DNA are called

A

Self antigens

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3
Q

Antigens that are not coded for in the DNA are called ______ And elicit an immune response

A

Foreign antigens

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4
Q

These are activated when a foreign antigen enters the body. They will bind two and mark the foreign antigen for destruction (two names)

A

Antibodies = immunoglobulins

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5
Q

When antibodies bind two antigens on erythrocytes the blood cells clumped together in a process called

A

Agglutination

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6
Q

Lack of blood flow is called

A

Ischemia

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7
Q

Low oxygen is called

A

Hypoxia

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8
Q

The substance being clumped in an agglutination reaction is called

A

Agglutinogens

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9
Q

The substance causing clumping in the agglutination process is called

A

Agglutinin

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10
Q

Fluid containing antibodies is called

A

Serum

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11
Q

O+ blood can receive

A

O+ O-

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12
Q

A+ blood can receive

A

O+ A+ O- A-

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13
Q

B+ blood can receive

A

O+ B+ O- B-

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14
Q

AB + blood can receive

A

Everything it’s the universal recipient

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15
Q

O- can RECEIVE

A

O-

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16
Q

A- blood can receive

A

O- A-

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17
Q

B- blood can receive

A

O- B-

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18
Q

AB- blood can receive

A

O- A- B- AB-

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19
Q

Cell death is called

A

Necrosis

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20
Q

What type of blood classification is based off of A B & O antigens

A

ABO classification system

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21
Q

In which component of the blood (plasma or formed elements) are antibodies located?

A

Plasma

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22
Q

Which blood type is a universal donor and why

A

O blood type. It has no foreign antigens to initiate antibodies

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23
Q

Which blood type is the universal recipient and why

A

AB+ has a, b antigens and O is the universal donor

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24
Q

This blood type classification is based on the presence or absence of the rhesus antigen / Factor

A

Rh classification system

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25
Q

The mother’s antibodies for Rh factor can cross the placenta bind to and destroy the fetus’s erythrocytes in this condition

A

Erythroblastosis fetalis or hemolytic disease of the newborn (hdn)

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26
Q

Each individual inherits two genes or _____
for the antigens, one for each parent

A

Alleles

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27
Q

A two allele combination make up the _____

A

Genotype

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28
Q

Proteins and glucose are found in this major component of blood

A

Plasma

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29
Q

Erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes make up this major component of blood

A

Cellular elements

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30
Q

Blood type is based on the presence of antigens on these cells

A

Erythrocytes

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31
Q

Antibodies fall into this subcategory of plasma

A

Proteins

32
Q

When antibodies bind antigens on red blood cells, the cells will clumped together. This clumping is called

A

Agglutination

33
Q

If when testing blood type clumping occurs with anti-d (RH ) an anti-a the blood type is

A

A+

34
Q

Someone with blood type B has these antibodies

A

A

35
Q

When testing for the Rh factor the blood cells will clump only if the blood is _____ (positive and negative)

A

Positive

36
Q

The Rh factor may only be of concern if the fetus is Rh _____ (positive or negative)

A

Positive

37
Q

What are the possible genotypes for someone with type O blood

A

O,O

38
Q

What is the name of the hormone that stimulates red blood cell production

A

Erythropoietin

39
Q

Having low hemoglobin or red blood cell count is called

A

Anemia

40
Q

List the possible combinations of genotypes that would make it possible for person with type A and A person with type B blood to produce a child with type O blood

A

1 parent: A,O
2 parent: B,O

41
Q

Antibodies fall into this biomolecule class

A

Protein

42
Q

Glucose and proteins are found in this portion of the blood

A

Plasma

43
Q

Erythrocytes leukocytes and thrombocytes make up this portion of the blood

A

Formed (cellular) elements

44
Q

Based on the ABO system someone with type B blood will have these antibodies

A

A antibodies

45
Q

When testing for the Rh factor the blood cells will clump only if the blood is Rh _____

A

Positive

46
Q

The Rh factor is only of concern if the fetus is Rh ______ and the mother is the opposite

A

Positive

47
Q

What is the blood type if the blood agglutinated for A and Rh but not B

A

A+

48
Q

These are proteins are glycoproteins that can stimulate an immune response

A

Antigens

49
Q

These are proteins produced by B lymphocytes that bind to antigens

A

Antibodies

50
Q

If ______ antigens elicit an immune response it is called an autoimmune disorder

A

Self

51
Q

The clumping of cells caused by the interactions of antigens and antibodies is called

A

Agglutination

52
Q

If the RH antigen is absent is referred to as RH _____

A

Negative

53
Q

If a student in class has blood cells clumping when the blood was exposed to antibodies A and B only this would be the blood type

A

AB-

54
Q

Someone with type O blood would have these antigens

A

Neither A nor B

55
Q

The universal donor has this blood type

A

O-

56
Q

If the blood of a mother and fetus who have opposite RH blood types have their blood mixed stimulating an immune response in the mother this condition could develop

A

Erythroblastosis fetalis

57
Q

If a mother is type B negative and the father is O+ what would the offspring’s blood type be? List all

A

B+ O+ O- B-

58
Q

what is the blood type for each sample?

A

Sample #1 A-

Sample #2 B-

Sample #3 AB-

Sample #4 O-

59
Q

Identify the possible combinations of genotypes that would make it possible for person one with type A blood and person to with type B produce a child with type O blood select all of the possible genotypes for the parents

A

A,O & B,O

60
Q

If the mother has blood type A- and the child is B+ what blood type would the father be? select all options

A

B+ AB+

61
Q

When a Foreign Antigen is introduced into the body what happens?

A

The immune system will produce Antibodies or Immunoglobulins

62
Q

Close to 20% of transfusion of incorrect Blood Type with 50mL or Less end in Death

True or False

A

True

63
Q

The average transfusion is 1.4 Liters (3 pints) someone receiving this amount has little chance of survial

True or False

A

True

64
Q

When you lack the Gene for an Antigen what happens?

A

It will be considered Foreign and the Immune System will produce an Antibopdy for it

65
Q

What is the name when fluid accumulates?

A

Edema

66
Q

What is the name of the medication that the mother has to get to aviod Eythroblastosis Fetalis?

A

RhoGAM

67
Q

What is Bloods main purpose?

A

To Transport and Distrubute oxygen, Nutrients, Hormones and Waste Products

68
Q

What are Aplha Globulins?

A

Transport proteins that bind to Lipds, fat souluble, vitamins, & metals.

They are made in the Liver

69
Q

What are Albumins?

A

A protein made in the Liver and maintains Osmotic Pressure

70
Q

What are Beta Globulins?

A

Made in the Liver

Balance Osmotic pressure between blood and surrounding tissues

Transports Ions and Lipids

71
Q

What are Gamma Globulin Antibodies?

A

Are released by Plasma Cells during a Immune Response

72
Q

What is Hemostasis?

A

the bodies process of stopping bleeding

73
Q

What do Fibrogen Proteins do?

A

They help to form blood clots and stop bleeding

74
Q

What is Hemophiolia?

A

They bleed longer

They can not make a Fibrin Clot

75
Q

Cells in the body have Plasma Membrane with specialized Glycoprotein Markers, called what?

A

Antigens

or

ID-TAGS

76
Q

what is Coagulation mean?

A

Clumping of the blood

77
Q

RBC have specialized Antigens on them, what are they called?

A

Agglutinogens

(they activate Antibodies)

Lab Exam 8,9 & 10 (3 decks)

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