Lab 1 Terminology

Question 1

dorsal

Answer 1

• upper or back

Question 2

ventral

Answer 2

• bottom or belly

Question 3

anterior (2)

Answer 3

• towards the head

- cranial

Question 4

posterior (2)

Answer 4

• towards the tail

- caudal

Question 5

lateral

Answer 5

• away from the midline

Question 6

medial

Answer 6

• towards the midline

Question 7

proximal

Answer 7

• towards the joint on a projection from the vertebrate

Question 8

distal

Answer 8

• away from the joint on a projection from the vertebrate

Question 9

whole mount

Answer 9

• an entire organism

Question 10

whole mount

Answer 10

• the entire organisms

Question 11

cross-section

Answer 11

• transverse section; horizontal cut across the body

Question 12

longitudinal section/sagittal section

Answer 12

• divides the body vertically into left and right sides

Question 13

longitudinal sections:

- mid-sagittal section (2)

Answer 13

• down the midline (vertical cut down middle of skull)

- creates even portions

Question 14

longitudinal sections:

- para-sagittal section (2)

Answer 14

• vertical cut down the body

- creates uneven portions

Question 15

what occurs during cleavage in frogs

Answer 15

• the zygote rapidly divides again and again to form the morula

Question 16

zygote

Answer 16

• fertilized egg

Question 17

what happens during blastula formation in frogs

Answer 17

• morula continues to divide, forming a hollow ball of cells known as the blastula

Question 18

blastula

Answer 18

• hollow ball of cells formed during blastula formation

Question 19

what happens during gastrulation in frogs (3)

Answer 19

• major rearrangement of cells in the embryo: cells from the outer surface migrate inward through the blastopore
• specialization occurs and three embryonic germ layers are established: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
• gut formation: archenteron

Question 20

what happens during neurulation in frogs (3)

Answer 20

• the neural plate ectoderm bends along the dorsal midline forming a medial neural groove surrounded by neural folds on either side
• the neural folds fuse together to form the hollow neural tube
• some cells separate from the neural folds to form the neural crest
• differentiation of the mesoderm into 3 layers