Lab 1 Terminology Flashcards
1
Q
dorsal
A
- upper or back
2
Q
ventral
A
- bottom or belly
3
Q
anterior (2)
A
- towards the head
- cranial
4
Q
posterior (2)
A
- towards the tail
- caudal
5
Q
lateral
A
- away from the midline
6
Q
medial
A
- towards the midline
7
Q
proximal
A
- towards the joint on a projection from the vertebrate
8
Q
distal
A
- away from the joint on a projection from the vertebrate
9
Q
whole mount
A
- an entire organism
10
Q
whole mount
A
- the entire organisms
11
Q
cross-section
A
- transverse section; horizontal cut across the body
12
Q
longitudinal section/sagittal section
A
- divides the body vertically into left and right sides
13
Q
longitudinal sections:
- mid-sagittal section (2)
A
- down the midline (vertical cut down middle of skull)
- creates even portions
14
Q
longitudinal sections:
- para-sagittal section (2)
A
- vertical cut down the body
- creates uneven portions
15
Q
what occurs during cleavage in frogs
A
- the zygote rapidly divides again and again to form the morula
16
Q
zygote
A
- fertilized egg
17
Q
what happens during blastula formation in frogs
A
- morula continues to divide, forming a hollow ball of cells known as the blastula
18
Q
blastula
A
- hollow ball of cells formed during blastula formation
19
Q
what happens during gastrulation in frogs (3)
A
- major rearrangement of cells in the embryo: cells from the outer surface migrate inward through the blastopore
- specialization occurs and three embryonic germ layers are established: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
- gut formation: archenteron
20
Q
what happens during neurulation in frogs (3)
A
- the neural plate ectoderm bends along the dorsal midline forming a medial neural groove surrounded by neural folds on either side
- the neural folds fuse together to form the hollow neural tube
- some cells separate from the neural folds to form the neural crest
- differentiation of the mesoderm into 3 layers
