Lab 1: Self-quiz

Question 1

identify the 3 anatomical places. what does it mean to ‘view’ a plane of section.

Answer 1

1. coronal (frontal) - separates front (anterior) and back (posterior) of the body
2. sagittal (longitudinal) - separates the left and right sides of the body
3. transverse (axial) - separates the upper (superior) and lower (inferior) halves of the body

Question 2

what is an epithelium?

Answer 2

1 of the 4 primary tissue types: a layer of cells that forms a superficial covering or an internal lining of a body cavity or vessel

Question 3

what 3 things do all connective tissues contain?

Answer 3

1. highly specialized cells
2. non-cellular matrix
3. extra cellular fibers

Question 4

differentiate between ligaments, tendons, and cartilage.

Answer 4

ligaments: dense bands of connective tissue fibers that attach bone to bone
tendons: a collagenous band that connects a skeletal muscle to an element in the skeleton
cartilage: connective tissue with a gelatinous matrix and an abundance of fibers

Question 5

identify the 3 parts of a typical long bone. what type of bone is each of these parts composed of?

Answer 5

1. epiphysis (head of long bones) - spongy bone
2. metaphysis (between the epiphysis and diaphysis) - compact bone
3. diaphysis (shaft of long bone) - compact bone

Question 6

what is an osteon?
what is important about its organization?

Answer 6

an osteon is the basic histological unit of compact bone, consisting of osteocytes organized around a central canal and separated by concentric lamellae
an osteons organization is important because it provides protection and strength to the bones

Question 7

what cells are found in the lacunae of each osteon?
what were these cells called before they were trapped in the bone matrix?

Answer 7

osteocyte
osteocytes are osteoblasts when they are trapped in the bone matrix

Question 8

what is the function of a synovial joint?

Answer 8

synovial joints allow for the articulation of long bones within a fluid-filled cavity

Question 9

linear sequence: coccyx to big toe

Answer 9

coccyx — sacrum — os coxae — femur — tibia — fibula — tarsals — metatarsals — phalanges

Question 10

linear sequence: thumb to thumb

Answer 10

phalanges — metacarpals — carpals — radius — ulna — humerus — scapula — clavicle — sternum — clavicle — scapula — humerus — ulna — radius– carpals — metacarpals — phalanges

Question 11

bones that articulate at the hip (4)

Answer 11

ilium, pubis, ischium, femur

Question 12

bones that articulate at the knee (2)

Answer 12

femur and tibia

Question 13

bones that articulate at the ankle (3)

Answer 13

tibia, fibula, talus

Question 14

bones that articulate at the shoulder (2)

Answer 14

humerus and scapula

Question 15

bones that articulate at the elbow (3)

Answer 15

radius, ulna, humerus

Question 16

bones that articulate at the wrist (4)

Answer 16

radius, ulna, scaphoid, lunate

Question 17

articular surfaces found in the hip (2)

Answer 17

head of femur, acetabulum of ox coxae

Question 18

articular surfaces found in the knee (2)

Answer 18

tibiofemoral and patellofemoral

Question 19

articular surfaces found in the elbow (4)

Answer 19

trochlea of humerus, capitulum of humerus, trochlear notch of ulna, head of radius

Question 20

articular surfaces found in the should (2)

Answer 20

glenoid cavity of scapula, head of humerus