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Orthotics > Lab 1: Principles of Orthotics > Flashcards

Lab 1: Principles of Orthotics Flashcards

1
Q

What terms pertain to the act of putting on and taking off an orthosis?

A

Donning and doffing

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2
Q

Why should fabric be worn under the orthosis?

A

Prevent skin irritation and break down, absorb moisture

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3
Q

What effect can wrinkles in the fabric have under an orthosis?

A

Increased pressure

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4
Q

What should be done before and after wearing the orthosis?

A

Skin inspection

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5
Q

How long is it okay for skin redness to last after taking off an orthosis?

A

15-20 minutes

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6
Q

How long should a new orthosis be worn on days 1 and 2?

A

30 minutes 2x/day

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7
Q

How long should a new orthosis be worn on days 3 and 4?

A

1 hours 2x/day

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8
Q

How long should a new orthosis be worn on days 5 and 6?

A

2 hours 2x/day

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9
Q

How long should a new orthosis be worn on days 7-10?

A

3 hours 2x/day

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10
Q

How long should a new orthosis be worn on days 11-14?

A

4 hours 2x/day

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11
Q

What should not be done in order to properly care for an orthosis?

A

Do not submerge in water or store near heat sources or in extreme temperatures

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12
Q

What is the purpose of shoes?

A

Important foundation for the lower extremity stability, transfer of weight, interaction with the surface, and protection

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13
Q

Why would shoes be modified either internally or externally?

A

Correction of flexible deformities or supporting rigid deformities

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14
Q

What is the upper of the shoe?

A

Covers the dorsum of the foot

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15
Q

What is the vamp of the shoe?

A

Anterior portion of the upper

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16
Q

What is the toe box?

A

The area of the vamp that covers the toes

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17
Q

When would the height of the toe box need to be considered?

A

To accommodate foot deformities such as hammer toes, hallux valgus, etc.

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18
Q

What the the quarter of the shoe?

A

The posterior portion of the upper

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19
Q

What is a low quarter?

A

Trimlines of the quarter are below the malleoli and does not impact ankle motion

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20
Q

What is a high quarter?

A

Trimlines are above the malleoli, can augment the stability of the ankle with or without the use of an orthosis

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21
Q

What is a mid-quarter?

A

Trimlines are at or below the malleoli. Provides more stability than a low quarter but not as much as a high quarter

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22
Q

What is an extra depth shoe?

A

Has an upper with extra vertical space to allow foot to accommodate a shoe insert, deformity, surgical or other dressings

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23
Q

What is the lace stay?

A

Contains eyelets for the laces

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24
Q

What are the three styles of a lace stay?

A

Blucher, balmoral, lace to toe

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25
Q

What is a blucher style shoe?

A

Lace stay is separate from the vamp. Allows the throat of the shoe to be larger

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26
Q

What is a balmoral style shoe?

A

Lace stay is continuous with the vamp, will not be able to open the shoe as wide for donning

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27
Q

What is a lace to toe style shoe?

A

The lace stay extends all the way down to the toes to allow for maximum opening of the footwear for donning

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28
Q

What style of shoe is shown in the image?

A

Lace to toe

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29
Q

What style of shoe is shown in the image?

A

Blucher

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30
Q

What style of shoe is shown in the image?

A

Balmoral

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31
Q

What part of the shoe is labeled 1?

A

Lace stay

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32
Q

What part of the shoe is labeled 2?

33
Q

What part of the shoe is labeled 3?

34
Q

What part of the shoe is labeled 4?

35
Q

What part of the shoe is labeled 5?

A

Toe spring

36
Q

What part of the shoe is labeled 6?

37
Q

What part of the shoe is labeled 7?

38
Q

What part of the shoe is labeled 8?

39
Q

What part of the shoe is labeled 9?

40
Q

What part of the shoe is labeled 1?

A

Heel counter

41
Q

What part of the shoe is labeled 2?

42
Q

What part of the shoe is labeled 3?

43
Q

What part of the shoe is labeled 4?

44
Q

What part of the shoe is labeled 5?

45
Q

What part of the shoe is labeled 6?

46
Q

What part of the shoe is labeled 7?

47
Q

What part of the shoe is labeled 8?

48
Q

What part of the shoe is labeled 1?

49
Q

What part of the shoe is labeled 2?

A

Low quarter

50
Q

What part of the shoe is labeled 3?

51
Q

What part of the shoe is labeled 4?

52
Q

What part of the shoe is labeled 5?

A

Shank reinforcements

53
Q

What part of the shoe is labeled 6?

54
Q

What part of the shoe is labeled 7?

A

Sole break lines

55
Q

What part of the shoe is labeled 8?

A

Toe spring

56
Q

What is the function of laces?

A

Allow for closing and securing the opening of the shoe. Has an effect on donning and doffing

57
Q

What is the throat of the shoe?

A

Opening of the footwear where the foot passes to enter the vamp of the shoe

58
Q

What is the tongue of the shoe?

A

Material of the dorsum of the foot and ankle that sits under the lace stay and assists in moving the shoe material out of the way to allow maximal clearance at the throat

59
Q

What is the function of the heel counter?

A

Stiffens the quarter of the shoe, prevent collapse of the foot medially

60
Q

What is the sole of the shoe?

A

The bottom portion of the shoe

61
Q

What is the outersole of the shoe?

A

The bottom of the shoe area that contacts the floor and ground. May assist in shock absorption or preventing slipping

62
Q

What is the innersole of the shoe?

A

Present inside the shoe where the foot sits, provided cushion and comfort, can have multiple layers

63
Q

What is the shank of the shoe?

A

Longitudinal area on the sole of the shoe between the anterior border of the heel and start of the metatarsal heads

64
Q

What is the toe spring of the shoe?

A

The slight rise at the front end of the sole that allows for easier transition over the foot in later to terminal stance

65
Q

What is the heel of the shoe?

A

Portion of the shoe under the anatomic heel than can be built up to add extra stability

66
Q

What is the typical height of a shoe heel?

A

3/4 - 1”

67
Q

How do you determine the height of the heel?

A

Heel height = sole height at MTP - sole height at the heel

68
Q

When would a higher heel be indicated?

A

Decreased flexibility in the hindfoot, pain in heel so that weight transfers toward the metatarsal heads

69
Q

How does increased heel height influence alignment and weight bearing?

A

If higher than 1”, need to compensate for increased plantarflexion by either flexing at the hip and knee or hyperextending at the knee and increasing the lumbar lordosis

70
Q

What are the key areas to consider when assessing the fit of a shoe?

A

Shoe length, width, and depth

71
Q

What is the optimal length for a shoe for proper fit?

A

Shoe length should be 1/2” longer than the longest toe to aid and allow for foot movement during ambulation

72
Q

Where should the widest part of the shoe be when assessing proper fit?

A

Aligned with the first MTP joint

73
Q

How do you examine shoe depth for proper fit?

A

Fit of the vamp and toe box for adequate clearance as well as the height of the posterior quarters

74
Q

In what position should you assess the fit of shoes?

A

Weightbearing

75
Q

What are other considerations for when to assess shoe fit?

A

The time of day and if the individual has been active prior

76
Q

How much can a shoe size increase after exercise or at the end of the day?

A

1 - 1.5 sizes

77
Q

How much should you typically size up in a shoe to accommodate for an orthosis?

A

1/2 - 1 size

78
Q

When are custom shoes indicated?

A

Significant deformity in the foot that cannot be accommodated in an extra depth shoe with modifications

Orthotics (8 decks)

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