Foundations Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

What is an orthosis?

A

Externally applied device used to modify the structural or functional characteristics of the neuromuscular system

External appliance worn to restrict or assist motion or to transfer load from one area to another

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2
Q

What is the general function of a static orthosis?

A

Allows for motion to occur and support joint alignment

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3
Q

What is the general function of a dynamic orthosis?

A

Assist with a motion

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4
Q

What is a splint?

A

Temporary device that only has static properties

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5
Q

What is a CO?

A

Certified orthotist

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6
Q

What is a CPO?

A

Certified orthotist prosthetist

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7
Q

What is the primary indication to use an orthosis?

A

Improve function

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8
Q

What are the five main ways to improve function with an orthosis?

A
  1. Immobilize and protect weak, painful, or healing body region
  2. Relieve pain by limiting ROM and weight bearing
  3. Reduce axial load
  4. Prevent or correct a deformity
  5. Enhance motor control function
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9
Q

What are the three ways to improve comfort?

A

Maximize contact, make sure the fit is snug, leverage

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10
Q

What is the effect of changing the length of the lever?

A

As the lever arm increases, the forces decrease and disperse over a greater surface area with can increase comfort

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11
Q

What forces can be controlled with an orthosis?

A

Tension, compression, shear, torsion, ground reaction force

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12
Q

What system controls tensile and compressive forces?

A

Three-point pressure system

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13
Q

What is a three-point pressure system?

A

Involves a primary force on one side that is counterbalanced by two secondary forces on the opposite side both proximally and distally

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14
Q

What are the three forces involved in valgus prevention at the knee?

A
  1. Primary force applied medially and directed laterally at the joint line
  2. Secondary force applied laterally at the proximal thigh and directed medially
  3. Secondary force applied distally at lateral leg and directed medially
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15
Q

What are the three forces that control plantarflexion while wearing an orthosis?

A
  1. Primary force originates anteriorly at the ankle strap and is directed posterior and inferior
  2. Secondary force originates posteriorly at the superior trim line and is directed anteriorly
  3. Secondary force originates inferior from the orthosis at the MPT and is directed superiorly
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16
Q

What are the three forces that control dorsiflexion while wearing an orthosis?

A
  1. Primary force originates posteriorly at the heel cup and is directed anterior and superior
  2. Secondary force originates anteriorly at the superior leg strap and is directed posterior
  3. Secondary force originates superior at the forefoot strap or shoe and is directed inferiorly
17
Q

What system controls shear force?

A

Four-point pressure system

18
Q

Compare and contrast a shorter and longer lever arm

A

Shorter lever arm = more force
Longer lever arm = less force, better control

19
Q

What is a flexible deformity?

A

Alignment of the body part can be corrected to a neutral or optimal position

20
Q

What is a rigid deformity?

A

Patient is not able to be positioned into neutral alignment, but can have motion

21
Q

What is a static orthosis?

A

Maintains the joint position

Can allow for movement, but does not provide assist to the movement

22
Q

What is a dynamic orthosis?

A

Mechanically facilitates active movement, provides assist

23
Q

What are the three main types of orthotics based on material?

A

Plastic, metal, or hybrid

24
Q

The terms rigid, semirigid, and flexible orthotics apply only to which body regions?

A

Spine and knee

25
Q

What is the alignment of a bar?

A

Vertical

26
Q

What is the alignment of a band?

A

Horizontal

27
Q

What type of orthosis contains both bars and bands?

A

Rigid

28
Q

What type of orthosis contains either bars or bands?

A

Semirigid

29
Q

What type of orthosis contains neither bars nor bands?

A

Flexible