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General Biology > Lab 1: Microscopes > Flashcards

Lab 1: Microscopes Flashcards

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1
Q

Occular lens

Both

A

Lens located inside eyepiece that is used to magnify specimen

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2
Q

Objective lens

Both

A

Lens located on the nosepiece above the stage that maginify the specimen.

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3
Q

Arm

Both

A

Used for hand grip while carrying instrument

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4
Q

Coarse focus knob

Both

A

Roughly focuses specimen by changing the distance between objective lens and specimen.

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5
Q

Light source

Both

A

Emits light onto specimen

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6
Q

Blue filter

Both

A

Increases resolution by reducing wavelength of light.

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7
Q

Mechanical stage and mechanical stage knobs

Compound

A
  • Supports the slide/specimen over the hole that admits light from below.
  • Moves slide around the stage surface.
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8
Q

Fine focus knob

Compound

A

Sharply focuses specimen by precisely changing the distance between the obj lens and specimen.

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9
Q

Condenser and condenser adjustment knob

Compound

A
  • Contains 2 lens that focus light onto specimen.
  • Moves condenser up or down.
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10
Q

Iris diaphragm and iris diaphragm lever

Compound

A
  • Regulates amt of light passing through condenser.
  • Opens and closes iris diaphragm.
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11
Q

Lamp switch and lamp intensity dial

Compound

A
  • Turns light on or off.
  • Adusts light produced by light source.
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12
Q

Stage

Dissecting

A

Supports slide/specimen over the hole that admits light from below.

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13
Q

Main switch

Dissecting

A

Controls supply of power to microscope. Must be “on” for either light to work.

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14
Q

I switch and T switch

Dissecting

A
  • Turns light above specimen on/off.
  • Turns light below specimen on/off.
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15
Q

Stage clips

Dissecting

A

Holds a slide in position over the stage.

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16
Q

What to consider when choosing which microscope to use

A
  1. Size of specimen
  2. Whether specimen is dead or alive.
  3. Whether you want to see internal or external detail.
17
Q

Types of specimens seen by compound microscopes. Give examples

A
  1. Small and transparent
  2. Living or dead
  3. Internal details

E.g. unicellular organisms

18
Q

Types of specimens seen by dissecting microscopes. Give examples

A
  1. Large and generally not transparent
  2. Living or dead
  3. External details

E.g. insects and flowers parts.

19
Q

Types of specimens seen by transmission electron microscopes. Give examples

A
  1. Small
  2. Dead
  3. Internal details

E.g. viruses and smaller organelles.

20
Q

Types of specimens seen by scanning electron microscopes. Give examples

A
  1. Small
  2. Dead
  3. External details
21
Q

Similarities between TEM and compound microscopes

A

Can both see internal details.

22
Q

Similarities between dissecting microscopes and compound microscopes

A

Can both see living or preserved (dead) specimen.

23
Q

What is field of view? How do you estimate actual size of specimen?

A
  1. Area that can be seen in the circle of light when looking thru the microscope.
  2. Fraction of field diameter occupied x field diameter.
24
Q

Resolution

A

The minimum distance between 2 points that can be separated and still be distinguished as separate units.

25
Q

Depth of field

A

The vertical distance that remains in focus at one time.

26
Q

Contrast

A

Ability to discern detail in a light micorscope image against the background.

27
Q

Parfocal lens

A

Lens that stay in focus when magnification is changed.

28
Q

How to improve the contrast

A
  1. Add a stain to the specimen.
  2. Adjust light intensity dial or iris diaphragm.
  3. Adjust the condenser.
29
Q

What is the relationship between magnification and depth of field?

A

Negative/indirect relationship.

30
Q

Magnification. Formula for magnification of a drawing.

A
  1. Ability to see details that you wouldn’t be able to see with the naked eye.
  2. Mag. = size of drawing divided by actual size (units have to be the same).
31
Q

Compound microscope: magnification of objective lens and field diameter (mm)

A

Low power: 4x, 4.8 mm.
Medium power: 10x, 1.8 mm.
High power: 40x, 0.5 mm.
Oil immersion: 100x.

total mag. = occular lens x objective lens

32
Q

Dissecting microsope: magnification of objective lens and field diameter (mm)

A

Low power: 2x, 9 mm.
High power: 4x, 5 mm.

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