Biological Molecules Flashcards
What is the structure of steroids
*
four fused rings of carbon (three haxagons and one pentagon)
Where is cholesterol obtained?
- Obtained from diet
- Produced by liver
How does cholesterol affect membrane fluidity?
Embedded in phospholipid bilayer, interacts with fatty acids in Van der Waals interaction and strengthens cell membrane.
Cholesterol is a precursor to . . .
Cortisol, estrogen, testosterone.
What is cortisol? Where is it produced? What does it do?
- Stress hormone
- Produced by adrenal gland
- Raises blood sugar levels
Where are estrogen and testosterone produced? What does it do?
- Ovaries and testes
- Female and male characteristics.
What are the monomers and polymers of proteins? What is the structure of monomers?
- Learn to draw
- Amino acid, polypeptide
- Amino group, carboxyl group (acid group), and R group attached to “carbon skeleton”.
What is unique to every amino acid?
*
The R group/side chain, which is shorthand for the rest of the molecule.
How are polypeptides made (how do peptide bonds form)?
Amino acids joined by peptide bond through dehydration synthesis. It forms between the amino group of one molecule and the carboxyl group of the other.
Review functional groups
What are the monomers and polymers of nucleic acids?
Nucleotides, DNA, RNA
What is the structure of nucleotides?
- Learn to draw
Ribose or deoxyribose sugar with phosphate grp attached to 5’ carbon and nitrogenous base attached to 1’ carbon.
What are the 2 types of nitrogenous bases? What are their structure.
*
Pyrimidine (Thymine, cytosine, uracil)
* Purine (Adenine, guanine)
Draw the structure of DNA. Label bonds.
See class notes
How to tell between DNA and RNA from their structure
Draw their sugars
- Ribose sugar has hydroxyl group attached to 2’ carbon.
- Deoxyribose sugar has no oxygen attached to the 2’ carbon.
