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Organisms 2 (AEBI 211) > Lab 1 (Jayden) > Flashcards

Lab 1 (Jayden) Flashcards

1
Q

Who are the single-celled eukaryotic organisms other wise known as ‘first animals’

A

Protozoans

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2
Q

True or false- protozoans form a distinct monophyletic clade

A

False - they do not form a distinct monophyletic clade but it is easier to address them as a group

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3
Q

What 4 characteristics do Protozoans share?

A
  1. A cell membrane instead of a cell wall
  2. No tissues nor organs, they have organelles
  3. Cytoskeleton is present
  4. Live in water/moist soil
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4
Q

What are the 3 groups of protozoans?

A
  1. Amoeba sp.
  2. Paramecium sp.
  3. Trypanosoma sp.
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5
Q

True or false - amoebas only live in freshwater

A

False - they live in both salt and freshwater, including moist soil

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6
Q

What 3 things do amoebas feed on?

A
  1. algae
  2. bacteria
  3. other protozoa
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7
Q

What is this, and what is the function?

A

Cell membrane
provides structure
acts as semi-permeable environmental barrier through which water, nutrients and other products flow.

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8
Q

What is this, and what is it made of?

A

Ectoplasm
strengthened by meshork of fibrous actin

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9
Q

What is this and what is the function?

A

Endoplasm
Inner fluid material, often found in organelles

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10
Q

What is this?

A

Amoeba proteus (w.m)

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11
Q

What is this?

A

Amoeba proteus (w.m.)

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12
Q

What is present in all animal cells and provides support, structure and involved in movement?

A

Cytoskeleton, a network of inner protein fibers

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13
Q

What is this and what is the function?

A

pseudopodia
Extensions of the membranes are used for movement by grasping a surface and pulling the rest of the cell forward.
(stiffened ectoplasm vs streaming endoplasm)

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14
Q

What is this and what is the function?

A

Food vacuole
When food items are encircled by pseudopodia, food vacuoles are formed, filled with water, enabling the food to be later digested by enzymes

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15
Q

What feeding process do amoebas use?

A

phagocytosis

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16
Q

What type of reproduction do amoebas use?

A

Asexual (binary fission)

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17
Q

Definition of paramecia

A

active ciliate protozoans found in freshwater that contain much organic matter

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18
Q

What do paramecia feed on? How do they feed?

A

They feed on small particles like bacteria. The oral groove is lined with cilia that draw food into the endoplasm.

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19
Q

Name all of the following body parts

A
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20
Q

How to paramecium reproduce?

A

asexually (binary fission)
sexually (conjugation)

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21
Q

What is this?

A

Paramecium (w.m.)

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22
Q

What is this?

A

Paramecium (w.m.)

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23
Q

What is this?

A

Paramecium (w.m.)

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24
Q

Definition of Trypanosoma

A

parasite that causes serious illnesses such as sleeping sickness and Chagas’s disease.
need an intermediate host to infect humans.

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25
Q

How do Trypanosoma move?

A

flagellum

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26
Q

What is this?

A

Trypanosoma Brucel (b.s.)

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27
Q

How do Trypanosoma feed?

A

absorb food from its host’s blood or other body fluids through cell membrane

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28
Q

Label all the following body parts

A
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29
Q

Define Porifera

A

multi-cellular metazoan organisms
have no tissues or organs
cellular level organization
all adults are sessile, may be colonial or solitary

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30
Q

Name four shared characteristics among poriferans

A
  1. pore and canal system
  2. choanocytes
  3. spicules + spongin
  4. spongocoel and osculum
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31
Q

What is this?

A

Scypha c.s

32
Q

Label all body parts of this scypha

A
33
Q

What is this and what is the function?

A

Spicules
Reinforces body wall of the sponge- are rigid pointy crystalline calcium carbonate structures. Act as a skeleton (support)

34
Q

Names for the tunnels and openings that comprise the sponge’s body wall

A

canals and pores

35
Q

finger like projections point outward along the length of the body wall, and space between these spaces are called

A

radial canals and incurrent canals

36
Q

definition of prosopyles and apopyles

A

prosopyles: tiny openings that water passes through when entering the incurrent canals.
Water exits from radial canals through the apopyles

37
Q

name for specialized flagellated cells that line the radial canals.

A

choanocytes

38
Q

Define Cnidaria

A

the most primitive multi-cellular organisms called eumetazoans
tissue-level organization
all have cnidocytes
radially symmetrical

39
Q

What two forms do cnidaria have?

A
  1. sessile polyp
  2. free-swimming medusa
40
Q

What three classes of cnidarians are looked at?

A
  1. Hydrazoa
  2. Scyphozoa
  3. Anthozoa
41
Q

What form do hydrozoa exist in? Where do they exist?

A

Only polyp form. Found in pools, streams, ponds, underside of aquatic vegetation

42
Q

what skeleton do hydrozoa rely on, and why?

A

Hydrostatic skeleton, relies on internal water pressure made by skeleton to maintain it’s form

43
Q

How do hydra move?

A

Sessile, and attach to surface using sticky substance from glands in the basal disk.
can move tentacles

44
Q

How do hydra feed?

A

mouth lies at the base of long tentacles. Tentacles are used in feeding.

45
Q

Name the body parts of this Hydrozoan polyp and reproductive female.

A
46
Q

Cnidocytes on tentacles encloses __________

A

nematocytes (tiny capsules containing a coiled, threadlike stinging filament.

47
Q

name all of the body parts in the cnidocytes

A
48
Q

Describe digestion in hydrozoans

A

food goes from mouth the gastrovascular cavity, where enzymes digest cellularly. NO ANUS, scraps are ejected from the mouth.

49
Q

How do hydrozoans reproduce?

A

Asexual (budding) - new animal forms from the epidermis of parent hydrozoan.
Sexually (ovaries and testes)

50
Q

Are hydrozoans only monoecious?

A

Some species are monoecious but others are diecious.

51
Q

What is this?

A

Hydra (wet mount)

52
Q

What is this?

A

Hydra (wet mount)

53
Q

Describe the class Scyphozoa

A

‘True jellyfish’
made up of 94-99% water
tetramerous radial symmetry

54
Q

what forms do scyphozoans have?

A

both polyp and medusa stages (both have stinging cnidocytes)

55
Q

Name the body parts in this true jellyfish

A
56
Q

What is the bell in a moon jelly?

A

parasol-shaped surface (hydrostatic skeleton allows for shape)

57
Q

define rhopalia in moon jelly

A

a bundle of sensory structures at each junction between the outer margin sectors.

58
Q

How do scyphozoans move?

A

Decentralized nervous system controls muscle fibers that move the animal’s bell and allow it to swim in the water column (same control for tentacles

59
Q

How do scyphozoans feed?

A

small tentacles along the margins (not oral arms) filter prey towards mucous on the margin.
prey are collected by trough-shaped oral arms which direct food to mouth
mouth opens to short gullet (leads to stomach

60
Q

how many gastric pouches extend from the stomach

A

four

61
Q

True or false - scyphozoans subdue prey via cnidocytes before digestion in the gastrovascular cavity

A

True

62
Q

Are moon jellies dioecious, monoecious or both

A

dioecious

63
Q

What is this?

A

Moon Jellies

64
Q

In fertilization, where do the gonads shed sperm or eggs from

A

gastric pouches
(sperm and egg then discharged from the mouth)

65
Q

How do scyphozoans reproduce?

A

fertilization takes place externally
(young embryos develop on the oral arms, until, when mature enough, the ciliated larvae escape the parent and attach to substrate)

66
Q

what is the tiny sessile polyp called in scyphozoans?

A

scyphistoma

67
Q

What body from does the scyphistoma develop into

A

multi-tiered strobila

68
Q

What are the tiny medusae that bud off the strobila called?

A

ephyra

69
Q

What is this?

A

Aurelia ephyra

70
Q

What is this?

A

Aurelia strobili

71
Q

What is this?

A

Aurelia strobili

72
Q

Define class Anthozoa

A

‘sea anemones’ marine animal that live comfortably in intertidal zones and depths up to 75m

73
Q

Name the following body parts of a sea anemone

A
74
Q

What is this?

A

Sea anemone

75
Q

What is this?

A

Sea anemone

Organisms 2 (AEBI 211) (13 decks)

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