Lab 1 - Functions of Structures

Question 1

frontal lobe

Answer 1

voluntary movement, expressive language. higher level executive functioning

Question 2

parietal lobe

Answer 2

sensory perception, integration (taste, hearing, sight, touch, smell)

Question 3

occipital lobe

Answer 3

visual perception, including color, form and motion

Question 4

temporal lobe

Answer 4

processing auditory information, some vestibular, encoding of memory

Question 5

post central gyrus (primary ___ strip)

Answer 5

sensory

proprioception

Question 6

precentral gyrus (primary ___ strip)

Answer 6

motor

controls voluntary movements of contralateral side

Question 7

central sulcus (____ tissue)

Answer 7

Rolandic

acts as the boundary between motor and sensory cortices, as well as the boundary between the frontal and parietal lobes

Question 8

lateral sulcus (____ tissue)

Answer 8

Sylvian

separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal

Question 9

cerebellum (the great ___)

Answer 9

comparator

coordinate movements

helps coordinate and regulate a wide range of functions and processes; holds more than half of neurons in your body; coordination and movement related to motor skills - especially hands and feet; posture, balance, equilibrium

Question 10

pons

Answer 10

unconscious processes like sleep-wake cycle, breathing

Question 11

medulla

Answer 11

vital processing like heart beat, breathing, blood pressure

Question 12

mammillary bodies

Answer 12

recollective memory

Question 13

fusiform gyrus (_____ gyrus)

Answer 13

occipitotemporal

high level vision like face perception, object recognition and reading - facial recognition

Question 14

inferior olive

Answer 14

learning and timing of movements and comparing intended with achieved movements

Question 15

pyramids and pyramidal decussation

Answer 15

contain the motor fibers that pass from the brain to the medulla and spinal cord, nerve fibers cross here

Question 16

spinal cord

Answer 16

pathway for messages sent by the brain to the body and from the body to the brain

Question 17

uncus

Answer 17

olfaction, emotions, and forming new memories - recollective memory

Question 18

parahippocampal gyrus

Answer 18

spatial awareness

Question 19

cervical nerves

Answer 19

muscular and sensory innervation of upper extremity

Question 20

midbrain

Answer 20

vision, hearing, motor control, sleep/wake, arousal, temperature regulation

Question 21

gracile fasciculus

Answer 21

main touch pathway: fine touch, vibrations, conscious proprioception form the lower part of the body to brainstem

Question 22

gray matter

Answer 22

neurons that are NOT myelinated; process information, release new information; control movement, memory, emotions

Question 23

white matter

Answer 23

neurons that are myelinated; messages pass between different areas of gray matter within the CNS; conduct, process and send nerve signals up and down spinal cord

Question 24

cuneate fasciculus

Answer 24

transmitting vibration, conscious proprioception and fine touch sensations from the upper body

Question 25

gracile nucleus

Answer 25

dorsal column nuclei; sensation of fine touch and proprioception of the lower body

Question 26

cuneate nucleus

Answer 26

carries information from the upper body and upper limbs

Question 27

inferior olivary nucleus

Answer 27

coordinates signals from the spinal cord to the cerebellum to regulate motor coordination and learning

Question 28

medulla or pons: corticospinal tract (____ tract)

Answer 28

pyramid

collection of axons that carry movement-related information from the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord; part of the descending spinal tract system that originate from the cortex or brainstem

Question 29

pons: middle cerebellar peduncle (____ ____)

Answer 29

brachium pontis

connects the cerebellum to the pons; largest afferent system of the cerebellum; pontocerebellar tract fibers arising from the contralateral pontine nuclei

Question 30

4th ventricle

Answer 30

protect the human brain from trauma and to help form the central canal; roof and floor; cushioning effect

Question 31

midbrain - cerebellar peduncles

Answer 31

main highway for signals that need to be transported from the cortex to other parts of the central nervous system; body coordination

Question 32

midbrain - cerebral aqueduct

Answer 32

narrow 15 mm conduit that allows for CSF to flow between the third ventricle and fourth ventricle

Question 33

midbrain - periaqueductal gray matter

Answer 33

modulation and propagation of pain, sympathetic responses; learning and action of defensive and aversive behavior

Question 34

midbrain - inferior colliculus

Answer 34

sound localization, frequency determination and integration of auditory with non-auditory systems

Question 35

midbrain - superior colliculus

Answer 35

visual, auditory and somatosensory information are integrated to initiate motor commands; receives signals from the retina

Question 36

midbrain - substantia nigra

Answer 36

production of dopamine (reward); body movements; chemical signaling- affects learning, mood, judgment, decision-making and other processes

Question 37

midbrain - peduncles

Answer 37

assist in refining motor movements, learning new motor skills and converting proprioceptive information into balance and posture maintenance; corticospinal, corticopontine, corticobulbar tracts run through here