lab 1 external brain features and vascular system Flashcards
When gyrus is the primary motor cortex located in and what is its laterality?
precentral gyrus and it controls the contralateral muscles
what will a lesion in the right middle cerebral artery cause loss of?
loss of muscle movement from face to hip on the left side
loss of sensory perception from the face to hip on contralateral side
What will a lesion in the anterior cerebral artery cause loss of?
loss of muscle movement from the hip to toes of contralateral side.
loss of sensory perception from the hip to toes of the contralateral side.
What gyrus is the primary somatic sensory cortex located in and what is its laterality?
post central gyrus and controls pain, temperature, touch from receptors within the skin and muscles on the opposite side of body.
what gyrus is the primary visual cortex located in?
areas of the brain flanking the Calcerine fissure on the medial aspect of the occipital lobe
What artery supplies the visual cortex ?
posterior cerebral artery. A blockage of of one posterior cerebral artery causes a visual field defect, affecting some vision from both eyes
what gyrus is the primary auditory cortex located in?
Heschl’s gyrus. specifically the transverse temporal gyrus located deep within the sylvian fissure (lateral sulcus)
Where is the primary olfactory cortex located?
the primary olfactory cortex is called the pyriform cortex and most of it lies in the Uncus, the most medial bulge of the temporal lobe.
it is closely associated with the limbic system.
what is the Wernicke’s Speech area and where is it located?
this is the receptive speech area. It is located in the posterior superior part of the temporal lobe just caudal to the primary auditory cortex (almost always associated with the Left hemisphere)
what artery supplies the Wernicke’s speech area?
the left middle cerebral artery supplies this area and a lesion would result in aphasias where there is impairment in the ability to understand and produce intelligible speech.
what is the Broca’s speech area and where is it located?
this area is located just rostral to the inferior border of the precentral gyrus (almost always in the left hemisphere). this area of the brain is responsible for syntax, grammar and fluidity of speech.
what are supplies this and what would a lesion in this artery cause?
this area is supplies by the left middle cerebral artery. a lesion would cause inability or reduced ability to speak and form a sentence. this type of aphasia is called expressive or motor aphasia
what area of the brain is associated with short-term memory?
the hippocampus (of the temporal lobe).
what artery supplies the hippocampus?
the posterior cerebral artery. a lesion could result in loss of short term memory and the inability to for short term memories into long term memories (consolidation). for a full effect, bilateral damage needs to occur.
where is the cingulate gyrus located and what does it do?
the cingulate gyrus is dorsal to the corpus collosum on the medial surface. it is part of the limbic system and associated with visceral responses and emotions.
