Lab 1 Data sets Flashcards
ordered, quantified, and have exact known differences between values
have an absolute zero that is meaningful and not arbitrarily determined.
Height, weight, head size, and most other variables that can be measured or counted are _____ scale data. A value of 0 for height means the absence of height
Ratio Data
named and ordered,
distances between values is not fixed, can vary
ordinal
named, ordered, equal distance between values
Interval data
named, ordered, equal distance between values, absolute 0
ratio
example of INTERVAL scale data
Measurement of elevation based on sea level
Consider the differences between the male and female pelvis as shown here. For a series of pelves (plural of pelvis) we would assign each to a category of ‘male’ or ‘female’. How would the data (Male, Female) be categorized?
Nominal
Data generated by calipers
Ratio
measuring by (ex:) weak, moderate, strong, strongest
ordinal
Time of death. What kinds of data are depicted by the times listed in the table?
1:24 pm
3:15 pm
3:30 pm
4:00 pm
Interval - Time is a quantitative variable that has no 0 value on this particular measurement scale
What example represents discrete data
colors : red, green, yellow, purple
The value that is most common in the data set
Mode
The middle value in a list of numbers. Half the observations are greater than and half the observations are less than
Median
The average of a set of numbers. To calculate the ________, sum all data values and divide this sum by the total number of values, or the sample size.
Mean
How the different scales of data (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio) relate to the different measures of central tendency (mode, median, mean). That is, which measures of central tendency are appropriate to use to describe samples based on different data types.
Mode and frequency
Nominal
How the different scales of data (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio) relate to the different measures of central tendency (mode, median, mean). That is, which measures of central tendency are appropriate to use to describe samples based on different data types.
Mode, Median and frequency
Ordinal
How the different scales of data (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio) relate to the different measures of central tendency (mode, median, mean). That is, which measures of central tendency are appropriate to use to describe samples based on different data types.
mode, median, mean
Interval
In forensic anthropology, which data scale is used to estimate the sex of an individual from their skeleton?
ordinal
What is the mean of data set :
(DATA = 1, 2, 5, 4, 3, 1, 1),
2.43
What is the median of data set:
DATA = 1, 2, 5, 4, 3, 1, 1
2
For interval and ratio scale data you generally want to use the
mean
Nominal data, which are simply labels, can only be characterized in terms of the
mode (the most common value) or the frequency of each categorical level in the data set.
Continuos data
(Metric) represents positions along continuous number lines. Such as measurements in inches or centimeters
Is quantitative and can theoretically vary from 0 to positive infinity with infinite levels of accuracy possible (ex: 2.5cm, 2.53678421cm)
Data do not vary continuously, but rather occur in discrete categories ( categorical data )
discontinuous data
The Steven’s data types
Nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio
Cannot be placed in a specific order
This data type is named or labels to describe variables and observations
Colors (red,green,blue)
Nominal data
Measurements are discrete and can be ranked
Can be counted but not measured
Not fixed and may vary quite a bit from one point on the scale to another
Ex : drinks at a coffee shop
Small,medium,large
Ordinal data
A continuous scale data that is ordered, quantified, and with exact differences between value
no absolute zero
Interval data
What is a key characteristic of interval data?
They have an arbitrary zero point.
