Lab 1 Flashcards
What are the major structures in the rat?
Lungs Heart & thymus gland Oesophagus Stomach Small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) Pancreas Liver Spleen Large intestine Caecum Colon Rectum Anus Kidneys and adrenal glands Bladder Reproductive organs Mouth: Hard and soft palate, teeth, glottis, oesophageal opening, nasal cavities, salivary glands, trachea and pharynx
What is the name of the cavity housing the heart?
Pericardial
What is the name of the cavities housing the lungs?
Left and right pleural
What is the name of the cavity housing all of the organs below the diaphragm?
Abdominal
What is the name of the cavity housing all of the organs above the diaphragm?
Thoracic
What is the name of the cavity containing the intestine?
Peritoneal
What are the two membranes of the peritoneal cavity, and where are they found?
The visceral peritoneum (covers the intestine) and the parietal peritoneum (lines the abdominal wall)
What suspends the intestine in the rat?
A double layer of peritoneum called a mesentery, between the visceral and parietal peritonea.
What is the difference between the pericardium of the rat vs. that of the human?
The human pericardium is much more fibrous and strong
What structure separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities?
The diaphragm
What is, where is, and what does mesentery tissue do?
Mesentery is a double layer of peritoneal membrane, located in the peritoneal cavity, which suspends the intestine. It also contains blood vessels, which supply and drain the intestinal wall.
Which cavity is the oesophagus found in?
Mainly thoracic, but a part is in the abdominal cavity
What cavity is the heart found in?
Pericardial, in the thoracic
What cavity is the thymus found in?
thoracic
What cavities are the lungs found in?
Pleural, in the thoracic
What cavity is the trachea found in?
Thoracic
What cavity is the stomach found in?
Peritoneal, in the abdominal
What cavity is the small intestine found in?
Peritoneal, in the abdominal
What cavity is the liver found in?
Peritoneal, in the abdominal
What cavity is the pancreas found in?
Peritoneal, in the abdominal
What cavity is the spleen found in?
Peritoneal, in the abdominal
What cavity is the colon and caecum found in?
Peritoneal, in the abdominal
What cavity are the kidneys found in?
Abdominal
What cavity is the bladder found in?
Abdominal
What is a serous membrane, and where are they found?
They are mesothelial membranes which form serous fluid, filling up the space between visceral and parietal membranes.
They include: peritoneal, pleural and pericardial membranes
What are organs not involved in the digestive system?
Lungs, heart, thymus, spleen, kidneys, bladder
What is the gland producing both digestive enzymes and hormones in the rat?
The pancreas
What is the largest gland in the body?
Liver
What structures are found in the human, but not the rat?
Gall bladder
Shape of the uterus (in rats, the fallopian tubes do not curl- the internal genitalia is shaped like a Y)
Single jaw bone- in rats, it is in two pieces
What two organs secrete products directly into the duodenum in the rat?
Liver
Pancreas
Where is bile produced in the rat?
Liver
What are the differences between rat and human internal female genitalia?
Instead of a uterus, the rat has two uterine horns in a Y shape, extending up to each ovary, connected by an oviduct. Rat embryos can develop all along these tubular horns, allowing large litters to develop
What are the two components of the rat stomach, and their functions?
Anterior and lateral stomach: Fairly transparent, used for food storage, so glandless, with stratified squamous epithelium
Pyloric region: glandular and opaque. Used for digestion of food into chyme
Where are digestive contents dehydrated and water reabsorbed?
Large intestine
What are the regions of the small intestine? from stomach to large intestine
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
What is the path of nutrient laden blood from the small intestine?
Blood vessels in the mesentery drain the small intestine, carrying blood to the intestinal wall, where they merge into the hepatic portal vein, leading to the liver and then into the right atrium.
How is the flow of chyme controlled?
The pyloric sphincter
What structures are under partial voluntary control?
Anus
Where is the epiglottis and what is its function?
It is located on the ventral edge of the trachea, and flaps over the trachea to allow food and drink to be swallowed into the oesophagus rather than the trachea
Which is ventral: the trachea or the oesophagus?
The trachea.
