Lab 1

Question 1

What are the major structures in the rat?

Answer 1

Lungs
Heart & thymus gland
Oesophagus
Stomach
Small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum)
Pancreas
Liver
Spleen
Large intestine
Caecum
Colon
Rectum
Anus
Kidneys and adrenal glands
Bladder
Reproductive organs
Mouth: Hard and soft palate, teeth, glottis, oesophageal opening, nasal cavities, salivary glands, trachea and pharynx

Question 2

What is the name of the cavity housing the heart?

Answer 2

Pericardial

Question 3

What is the name of the cavities housing the lungs?

Answer 3

Left and right pleural

Question 4

What is the name of the cavity housing all of the organs below the diaphragm?

Answer 4

Abdominal

Question 5

What is the name of the cavity housing all of the organs above the diaphragm?

Answer 5

Thoracic

Question 6

What is the name of the cavity containing the intestine?

Answer 6

Peritoneal

Question 7

What are the two membranes of the peritoneal cavity, and where are they found?

Answer 7

The visceral peritoneum (covers the intestine) and the parietal peritoneum (lines the abdominal wall)

Question 8

What suspends the intestine in the rat?

Answer 8

A double layer of peritoneum called a mesentery, between the visceral and parietal peritonea.

Question 9

What is the difference between the pericardium of the rat vs. that of the human?

Answer 9

The human pericardium is much more fibrous and strong

Question 10

What structure separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities?

Answer 10

The diaphragm

Question 11

What is, where is, and what does mesentery tissue do?

Answer 11

Mesentery is a double layer of peritoneal membrane, located in the peritoneal cavity, which suspends the intestine. It also contains blood vessels, which supply and drain the intestinal wall.

Question 12

Which cavity is the oesophagus found in?

Answer 12

Mainly thoracic, but a part is in the abdominal cavity

Question 13

What cavity is the heart found in?

Answer 13

Pericardial, in the thoracic

Question 14

What cavity is the thymus found in?

Answer 14

thoracic

Question 15

What cavities are the lungs found in?

Answer 15

Pleural, in the thoracic

Question 16

What cavity is the trachea found in?

Answer 16

Thoracic

Question 17

What cavity is the stomach found in?

Answer 17

Peritoneal, in the abdominal

Question 18

What cavity is the small intestine found in?

Answer 18

Peritoneal, in the abdominal

Question 19

What cavity is the liver found in?

Answer 19

Peritoneal, in the abdominal

Question 20

What cavity is the pancreas found in?

Answer 20

Peritoneal, in the abdominal

Question 21

What cavity is the spleen found in?

Answer 21

Peritoneal, in the abdominal

Question 22

What cavity is the colon and caecum found in?

Answer 22

Peritoneal, in the abdominal

Question 23

What cavity are the kidneys found in?

Answer 23

Abdominal

Question 24

What cavity is the bladder found in?

Answer 24

Abdominal

Question 25

What is a serous membrane, and where are they found?

Answer 25

They are mesothelial membranes which form serous fluid, filling up the space between visceral and parietal membranes.
They include: peritoneal, pleural and pericardial membranes

Question 26

What are organs not involved in the digestive system?

Answer 26

Lungs, heart, thymus, spleen, kidneys, bladder

Question 27

What is the gland producing both digestive enzymes and hormones in the rat?

Answer 27

The pancreas

Question 28

What is the largest gland in the body?

Answer 28

Liver

Question 29

What structures are found in the human, but not the rat?

Answer 29

Gall bladder
Shape of the uterus (in rats, the fallopian tubes do not curl- the internal genitalia is shaped like a Y)
Single jaw bone- in rats, it is in two pieces

Question 30

What two organs secrete products directly into the duodenum in the rat?

Answer 30

Liver

Pancreas

Question 31

Where is bile produced in the rat?

Answer 31

Liver

Question 32

What are the differences between rat and human internal female genitalia?

Answer 32

Instead of a uterus, the rat has two uterine horns in a Y shape, extending up to each ovary, connected by an oviduct. Rat embryos can develop all along these tubular horns, allowing large litters to develop

Question 33

What are the two components of the rat stomach, and their functions?

Answer 33

Anterior and lateral stomach: Fairly transparent, used for food storage, so glandless, with stratified squamous epithelium
Pyloric region: glandular and opaque. Used for digestion of food into chyme

Question 34

Where are digestive contents dehydrated and water reabsorbed?

Answer 34

Large intestine

Question 35

What are the regions of the small intestine? from stomach to large intestine

Answer 35

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

Question 36

What is the path of nutrient laden blood from the small intestine?

Answer 36

Blood vessels in the mesentery drain the small intestine, carrying blood to the intestinal wall, where they merge into the hepatic portal vein, leading to the liver and then into the right atrium.

Question 37

How is the flow of chyme controlled?

Answer 37

The pyloric sphincter

Question 38

What structures are under partial voluntary control?

Answer 38

Anus

Question 39

Where is the epiglottis and what is its function?

Answer 39

It is located on the ventral edge of the trachea, and flaps over the trachea to allow food and drink to be swallowed into the oesophagus rather than the trachea

Question 40

Which is ventral: the trachea or the oesophagus?

Answer 40

The trachea.