Lab 1

Question 1

Taxonomy

Answer 1

the ordering of a set of organisms according to some system of characteristics

Question 2

History of the Kingdoms

Answer 2

At first there were 2 kingdoms, plants and animals. They were sorted based on color, shape, size and symmetry. As knowledge in cell structure and biochemistry increased, it came clear that some organisms were neither plant nor animal. Now there are 7 kingdoms.

Question 3

Binomial nomenclature

Answer 3

a system of naming species, using 2 parts Latinized names, genus and species. Genus is capitalized and the whole name is italicized.

Question 4

Taxonomic Categories

Answer 4

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Question 5

Dichotomous Key

Answer 5

divides a group of organisms into two groups based on presence or absence of a particular trait, then to subgroup, then etc.

Question 6

Rules of a Dichotomous key

Answer 6

a. Only 2 statements, each beginning with the same word
b. Branches next to each other cannot use the same beginning word
c. No negatives should be used, only positives
d. More than one characteristic should be used in each statement
e. Number of branches should equal the number of organisms minus one

Question 7

Appendage

Answer 7

any homologous body parts that extend from body (wings, antennae, mouth parts, and legs)

Question 8

Bilateral Symmetry

Answer 8

body symmetry which a central longitudinal plane could divide the body into 2 equal parts

Question 9

Cambium

Answer 9

a lateral meristem that thickens the roots and shoots of woody plants

Question 10

Cone

Answer 10

a reproductive structure of gymnosperm in which pollen and seeds and produced

Question 11

Cotyledon

Answer 11

a seed leaf of an angiosperm embryo (some have one, some have two)

Question 12

Dioecious

Answer 12

: individuals of the species that are either male reproducing pollen or female producing ovules. They cannot self-fertilize

Question 13

Dorso-ventral

Answer 13

from the back to the belly surface of an animal

Question 14

Endoskeleton

Answer 14

a hard skeleton covered in soft tissue of an animal, such as plates of echinoderms, and the bony structure of vertebrates

Question 15

Eukaryotic

Answer 15

a single-celled or multicellular organism whose cells contain a membrane bound nucleus, numerous of organelles and extensive cytoskeleton

Question 16

Gametophyte

Answer 16

in organisms that have alternation of generations, the multicellular haploid form that produces haploid gametes by mitosis which join to form into the sporophyte

Question 17

Hypha

Answer 17

one of many connected filaments that make up the mycelium of a fungus

Question 18

Mantle

Answer 18

one of the three main parts of a mollusc; a fold of tissue that drapes over the mollusc’s visceral mass and may secrete a shell

Question 19

Meristem

Answer 19

plant tissue that remains embryonic as long as the plant lives, allowing for indeterminate growth

Question 20

Motile

Answer 20

the power to move spontaneously

Question 21

Ovule

Answer 21

a structure that develops within the ovary of a seed plant and contains the female gametophyte. Ovule develops into a seed after fertilization

Question 22

Pharyngeal slit

Answer 22

in chordate embryos, one of the slits that forms from the pharyngeal clefts and communicate to the outside, later developing into gill slits in many vertebrates

Question 23

Radial symmetry

Answer 23

can be divided in to mirror images by placing any plane through its central axis

Question 24

Rhizome

Answer 24

horizontal stem of a plant that is usually found underground, sending out roots and shoots from its nodes

Question 25

Segmentation

Answer 25

process of morphogenesis that divides an animal’s body into segments

Question 26

Sessile

Answer 26

permanently attached or fixed, not free moving

Question 27

Shrub

Answer 27

woody plant of low height, several stems arising from base, has no single trunk

Question 28

Sorus

Answer 28

a cluster of sporangia on a fern sporophyll. Arranged in various patterns, fern identification

Question 29

Sporangium

Answer 29

a multicellular organ in fungi and plants in which meiosis occurs and a haploid cell develops

Question 30

Spore

Answer 30

a haploid cell produced in the sporophyte by meiosis. A spore can divide by mitosis to develop into a multicellular haploid individual, the gametophyte, without fusing with another cell

Question 31

Sporophyll

Answer 31

a modified leaf that bears sporangia and hence is specialized for reproduction

Question 32

Sporophyte

Answer 32

in organisms that have alternation of generations, the multicellular diploids form that result from the union of gametes. The sporophyte produces haploid spores by meiosis that develops into gametophytes

Question 33

Tissue

Answer 33

group of cells with a common function, structure or both

Question 34

Tracheid

Answer 34

, tapered water conducting cell found in xylem

Question 35

Vascular Tissue

Answer 35

plant tissue consisting of cells joined into tubes that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant body

Question 36

Visceral mass

Answer 36

one of the three main parts of mollusc, part with most internal organs

Question 37

Zygote

Answer 37

diploid product of the union of haploid gametes during fertilization; a fertilized egg