Lab 1 Flashcards
Taxonomy
the ordering of a set of organisms according to some system of characteristics
History of the Kingdoms
At first there were 2 kingdoms, plants and animals. They were sorted based on color, shape, size and symmetry. As knowledge in cell structure and biochemistry increased, it came clear that some organisms were neither plant nor animal. Now there are 7 kingdoms.
Binomial nomenclature
a system of naming species, using 2 parts Latinized names, genus and species. Genus is capitalized and the whole name is italicized.
Taxonomic Categories
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Dichotomous Key
divides a group of organisms into two groups based on presence or absence of a particular trait, then to subgroup, then etc.
Rules of a Dichotomous key
a. Only 2 statements, each beginning with the same word
b. Branches next to each other cannot use the same beginning word
c. No negatives should be used, only positives
d. More than one characteristic should be used in each statement
e. Number of branches should equal the number of organisms minus one
Appendage
any homologous body parts that extend from body (wings, antennae, mouth parts, and legs)
Bilateral Symmetry
body symmetry which a central longitudinal plane could divide the body into 2 equal parts
Cambium
a lateral meristem that thickens the roots and shoots of woody plants
Cone
a reproductive structure of gymnosperm in which pollen and seeds and produced
Cotyledon
a seed leaf of an angiosperm embryo (some have one, some have two)
Dioecious
: individuals of the species that are either male reproducing pollen or female producing ovules. They cannot self-fertilize
Dorso-ventral
from the back to the belly surface of an animal
Endoskeleton
a hard skeleton covered in soft tissue of an animal, such as plates of echinoderms, and the bony structure of vertebrates
Eukaryotic
a single-celled or multicellular organism whose cells contain a membrane bound nucleus, numerous of organelles and extensive cytoskeleton
Gametophyte
in organisms that have alternation of generations, the multicellular haploid form that produces haploid gametes by mitosis which join to form into the sporophyte
Hypha
one of many connected filaments that make up the mycelium of a fungus
Mantle
one of the three main parts of a mollusc; a fold of tissue that drapes over the mollusc’s visceral mass and may secrete a shell
Meristem
plant tissue that remains embryonic as long as the plant lives, allowing for indeterminate growth
Motile
the power to move spontaneously
Ovule
a structure that develops within the ovary of a seed plant and contains the female gametophyte. Ovule develops into a seed after fertilization
Pharyngeal slit
in chordate embryos, one of the slits that forms from the pharyngeal clefts and communicate to the outside, later developing into gill slits in many vertebrates
Radial symmetry
can be divided in to mirror images by placing any plane through its central axis
Rhizome
horizontal stem of a plant that is usually found underground, sending out roots and shoots from its nodes
Segmentation
process of morphogenesis that divides an animal’s body into segments
Sessile
permanently attached or fixed, not free moving
Shrub
woody plant of low height, several stems arising from base, has no single trunk
Sorus
a cluster of sporangia on a fern sporophyll. Arranged in various patterns, fern identification
Sporangium
a multicellular organ in fungi and plants in which meiosis occurs and a haploid cell develops
Spore
a haploid cell produced in the sporophyte by meiosis. A spore can divide by mitosis to develop into a multicellular haploid individual, the gametophyte, without fusing with another cell
Sporophyll
a modified leaf that bears sporangia and hence is specialized for reproduction
Sporophyte
in organisms that have alternation of generations, the multicellular diploids form that result from the union of gametes. The sporophyte produces haploid spores by meiosis that develops into gametophytes
Tissue
group of cells with a common function, structure or both
Tracheid
, tapered water conducting cell found in xylem
Vascular Tissue
plant tissue consisting of cells joined into tubes that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant body
Visceral mass
one of the three main parts of mollusc, part with most internal organs
Zygote
diploid product of the union of haploid gametes during fertilization; a fertilized egg
