Lab 1

Question 1

Axial Region

Answer 1

includes the head, neck, and trunk; it runs along the vertical axis of the body

Question 2

Appendicular Region

Answer 2

includes limbs; aka appendages and extremities

Question 3

Superior/Inferior

Answer 3

above/below

Question 4

Anterior/Posterior

Answer 4

front/back

Question 5

Medial/Lateral

Answer 5

toward the midline/away from the midline

Question 6

Cephalad (cranial)/caudal

Answer 6

toward the head/ toward the tail

Question 7

Ventral/Dorsal

Answer 7

belly side/ backside

Question 7

Proximal/ Distal

Answer 7

nearer the trunk or attached end/ farther from the trunk or point of attachment

Question 8

Superficial (external)/ Deep (internal)

Answer 8

toward or at the body surface/ away from the body surface

Question 9

What is superior/inferior on a four legged animal?

Answer 9

the back/ abdominal region

Question 10

What is posterior and anterior on a four legged animal?

Answer 10

butt end/ head end

Question 11

Sagittal Plane

Answer 11

runs longitudinally and divides the body into right and left parts ; if it divides in equal parts it is called the median or midsagittal plane

Question 12

Frontal Plane

Answer 12

aka coronal plane; longitudianl plane that divides the body (or an organ) into anterior and posterior parts

Question 13

Transverse Plane

Answer 13

runs horizontally, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts;

Question 14

What is in the dorsal cavity?

Answer 14

cranial cavity (which lies within the rigid skull and encases the brain) and vertebral (or spinal) cavity (runs through the bony vertebral column to enclose the delicate spinal cord

Question 15

What is the ventral cavity divided into?

Answer 15

thoracic cavity (superior) and abdominopelvic cavity (inferior)

Question 16

What separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity?

Answer 16

diaphragm

Question 17

What are the subdivisions of the abdominopelvic cavity?

Answer 17

abdominal cavity (superior; houses the stomach, intestines, liver, and other organs); and pelvic cavity (inferior; reproductive organs, bladder, and rectum)

Question 18

Serous Membrane/Serosa

Answer 18

thin, double layered membrane

Question 19

Parietal Serosa

Answer 19

part of the membrane lining the cavity walls

Question 20

Visceral Serosa

Answer 20

membrane covering the external surface of the organs within the cavity

Question 21

What do the visceral and parietal serosa do?

Answer 21

produce a thin lubricating fluid that allows the visceral organs to slide over one another or to rub against the body wall with minimal friction; serous membranes also compartmentalize the various organs to prevent infection in one organ from spreading to others

Question 22

Umbilical Region

Answer 22

the centermost region, which includes the umbilicus (navel)

Question 23

Epigastric Region

Answer 23

immediately superior to the umbilical region; overlies most of the stomach

Question 24

Pubic (hypogastric) Region

Answer 24

immediately inferior to the umbilical region; encompasses the pubic area

Question 25

Inguinal or Iliac Regions

Answer 25

Lateral to the hypogastric region and overlying the superior parts of the hip bones

Question 26

Lateral (Lumbar) Region

Answer 26

between the ribs and the flaring portions of the hip bones; lateral to the umbilical region

Question 27

Hypochondriac Regions

Answer 27

flanking the epigastric region laterally and overlying the lower ribs

Question 28

Oral Cavity

Answer 28

commonly called the mouth, contains the tongue and teeth; it is continuous with the rest of the digestive tube which opens to the exterior at the anus

Question 29

Nasal Cavity

Answer 29

located within and posterior to the nose, the nasal cavity is part of the passages of the respiratory system

Question 30

Orbital Cavities

Answer 30

orbits in the skull house the eyes and present them in an anterior position

Question 31

Middle Ear Cavities

Answer 31

each cavity lies just medial to an eardrum and is carved into the bony skull; these cavities contain tiny ear bones that transmit sound vibrations to the hearing receptors in the inner ears

Question 32

Synovial Cavities

Answer 32

joint cavities; enclosed within fibrous capsules that surround the freely moveable joints of the body, such as those between the vertebrae and the knee and hip joints; like the srous membranes of the ventral body cavity, membranes lining the synovial cavities secrete a lubricating fluid that reduces friction as the enclosed structures move across one another

Question 33

What organs are found in the left upper quadrant?

Answer 33

stomach, spleen, most of pancreas, left kidney, part of transverse colon, part of liver (smaller part), left adrenal gland

Question 34

What organs are found in the right upper quadrant?

Answer 34

most of the live, gall bladder, right kidney, part of transverse colon, right adrenal gland

Question 35

What organs are found in the left lower quadrant?

Answer 35

left ureter, 1/2 of bladder, left ovary, descending colon, small intestine

Question 36

What organs are found in the right lower quadrant?

Answer 36

right ureter, 1/2 bladder, appendi, right ovary, cecum, ascending colon, small intestine

Question 37

What organ is divided in half by the median plane?

Answer 37

bladder