Lab 1 Flashcards
Axial Region
includes the head, neck, and trunk; it runs along the vertical axis of the body
Appendicular Region
includes limbs; aka appendages and extremities
Superior/Inferior
above/below
Anterior/Posterior
front/back
Medial/Lateral
toward the midline/away from the midline
Cephalad (cranial)/caudal
toward the head/ toward the tail
Ventral/Dorsal
belly side/ backside
Proximal/ Distal
nearer the trunk or attached end/ farther from the trunk or point of attachment
Superficial (external)/ Deep (internal)
toward or at the body surface/ away from the body surface
What is superior/inferior on a four legged animal?
the back/ abdominal region
What is posterior and anterior on a four legged animal?
butt end/ head end
Sagittal Plane
runs longitudinally and divides the body into right and left parts ; if it divides in equal parts it is called the median or midsagittal plane
Frontal Plane
aka coronal plane; longitudianl plane that divides the body (or an organ) into anterior and posterior parts
Transverse Plane
runs horizontally, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts;
What is in the dorsal cavity?
cranial cavity (which lies within the rigid skull and encases the brain) and vertebral (or spinal) cavity (runs through the bony vertebral column to enclose the delicate spinal cord
What is the ventral cavity divided into?
thoracic cavity (superior) and abdominopelvic cavity (inferior)
What separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity?
diaphragm
What are the subdivisions of the abdominopelvic cavity?
abdominal cavity (superior; houses the stomach, intestines, liver, and other organs); and pelvic cavity (inferior; reproductive organs, bladder, and rectum)
Serous Membrane/Serosa
thin, double layered membrane
Parietal Serosa
part of the membrane lining the cavity walls
Visceral Serosa
membrane covering the external surface of the organs within the cavity
What do the visceral and parietal serosa do?
produce a thin lubricating fluid that allows the visceral organs to slide over one another or to rub against the body wall with minimal friction; serous membranes also compartmentalize the various organs to prevent infection in one organ from spreading to others
Umbilical Region
the centermost region, which includes the umbilicus (navel)
Epigastric Region
immediately superior to the umbilical region; overlies most of the stomach
Pubic (hypogastric) Region
immediately inferior to the umbilical region; encompasses the pubic area
Inguinal or Iliac Regions
Lateral to the hypogastric region and overlying the superior parts of the hip bones
Lateral (Lumbar) Region
between the ribs and the flaring portions of the hip bones; lateral to the umbilical region
Hypochondriac Regions
flanking the epigastric region laterally and overlying the lower ribs
Oral Cavity
commonly called the mouth, contains the tongue and teeth; it is continuous with the rest of the digestive tube which opens to the exterior at the anus
Nasal Cavity
located within and posterior to the nose, the nasal cavity is part of the passages of the respiratory system
Orbital Cavities
orbits in the skull house the eyes and present them in an anterior position
Middle Ear Cavities
each cavity lies just medial to an eardrum and is carved into the bony skull; these cavities contain tiny ear bones that transmit sound vibrations to the hearing receptors in the inner ears
Synovial Cavities
joint cavities; enclosed within fibrous capsules that surround the freely moveable joints of the body, such as those between the vertebrae and the knee and hip joints; like the srous membranes of the ventral body cavity, membranes lining the synovial cavities secrete a lubricating fluid that reduces friction as the enclosed structures move across one another
What organs are found in the left upper quadrant?
stomach, spleen, most of pancreas, left kidney, part of transverse colon, part of liver (smaller part), left adrenal gland
What organs are found in the right upper quadrant?
most of the live, gall bladder, right kidney, part of transverse colon, right adrenal gland
What organs are found in the left lower quadrant?
left ureter, 1/2 of bladder, left ovary, descending colon, small intestine
What organs are found in the right lower quadrant?
right ureter, 1/2 bladder, appendi, right ovary, cecum, ascending colon, small intestine
What organ is divided in half by the median plane?
bladder
