La Route/Les Autres Usagers

Question 1

Answer 1

State of the driver

The view: The vision is the main meaning used for our daily life. Thus driving requires a good vision, because you have to see both the dashboard and far ahead. The minimum required is fixed at 5/10 for both eyes, after possible correction (corrective lenses or contact lenses). If the acuity of one eye is less than 1/10, or if it is terminal (zero acuity), the other eye must have at least 5/10. If an eye accidentally becomes blind, the driver must wait 6 months before driving again.

Question 2

Answer 2

The field of vision: The field of vision of both eyes covers about 180. On the sides, the eyes detect the movements. Each eye has only a few degrees of clear vision. I explore the environment to find the clues of conduct. Speed and alcohol diminish the field of vision.

Question 3

Answer 3

The convergence of the two eyes helps to determine the distance. Alcohol or drugs also disturb the notion of distances.

Question 4

Answer 4

The reaction time: It takes an average of one second between the moment when the driver perceives a signal, processes the information, then the one he reacts. This time varies from one individual to another; and in the same individual depending on his state.

Question 5

Answer 5

1. The safety interval (space cushion): When I drive, it will flow for a second between the moment when I see the stop lights and the moment when I will brake in my turn. If I’m too close, I hit the user in front of me. If I allow two seconds, I will have time to react and consider other users. I thus guarantee a space of security (cushion of space).
2. It’s time to say: If it slows down, it’s slow / slow, you’re too close / crocodile, crocodile
3. To maintain this safety distance, I must arrive at least two seconds after the user at the same initial mark. To be sure, I say the sentence - 1 second 2 seconds - (or another sentence that takes about 2 seconds to be articulated). What corresponds on the fast lanes has two features of the emergency stop band. Safety distance: The rule is fixed at 2 seconds.

Question 6

Answer 6

Tiredness:
1. Fatigue is found in almost 40% of serious highway accidents. Fatigue is the enemy number one in driving, especially the first time at the novice driver.

2. Yawning, pain in the back and shoulders, the need to move on the seat, heavy eyes that tingle are the early warning signs of sleep. Be careful, sleep does not prevent. It occurs suddenly.

Question 7

Answer 7

1. Long journeys require frequent stops: at least every two hours; and every hour with children on board. The stop lasts at least 20 minutes.
2. I go to rest, I listen to the radio, I ventilate the cockpit, I change the driving rhythm, I ventured and, if necessary, I stop to sleep a little. Smoking does not remove fatigue.

Question 8

Answer 8

I must always be available to act on the vehicle controls with precision and speed. Also be careful not to have in his field of view a screen: TV, video game console or DVD player, as this is now punishable by a fine, the confiscation of the device and a withdrawal of 3 points on the driver’s license. The reaction time can vary a lot just because the mind is occupied elsewhere. In this, telephoning the steering wheel is dangerous, even not held in hand. Sometimes passengers, children for example, disrupt driving. I give them something to take care of.

Question 9

Answer 9

A drug is an active ingredient that produces beneficial effects on the disease and side effects that vary from person to person. And the effects may last for some time after the end of a treatment. Adverse effects affect the quality of conduct and mainly concern:

1. the attention
2. the mood
3. equilibrium
4. fatigue

Question 10

Answer 10

Warning pictograms
1. I read the package leaflet carefully and ask at least the pharmacist about the possible side effects

2. I imperatively question the pharmacist and / or medicin because there is a significant risk on the conduct
3. I forbid myself to drive because there is incompatibility with driving. And I ask the doctor when I can resume this activity.

Question 11

Answer 11

Vision problems related to night driving

1. Myopia: The human being is not adapted to night vision. So the eyes lose in visual quality and become myopic
2. Contrasts: As the light beams illuminate the road in front of you, the odds are plunged into the shadows. An unclear user or without reflective elements will be poorly distinguished, so invisible.

Question 12

Answer 12

1. Distances: The position of other vehicles that circulate is difficult to assess because of lack of reference in the environment. They seem more distant … I have to be careful when passing a vehicule or if I have to give way.
2. Speed: By default lighting on the odds I do not have the notion of speed and I then tend to accelerate. This trend is accentuated by the fact that I feel safe (low traffic and visible lighting of vehicles).

Question 13

Answer 13

Illusions: Besides the decline of vigilance, fatigue also favors optical illusions. Thus, I can see objects that come only from my imagination or further or nearer than they are.

Question 14

Answer 14

Control and sanctions: Alcohol is incompatible with driving. It is forbidden to drive with an alcohol content higher than 0.5 g / l of blood or 0.25 mg / l of air expires. Be careful, these rates are reduced to 0.20 g / l of blood or 0.10 mg / l of air expires for novice drivers. If I have the opportunity to consume alcohol, I expect to know who will drive. Alcohol control can be done at any time, even if I am not yet behind the wheel. Warning. Appearing at the door of the vehicle, keys in hand, is an intention to drive. Alcohol control is mandatory in the event of a serious offense or accident

Question 15

Answer 15

1. Screening begins with an electronic breathalyzer (ethylotest). If it turns out to be positive, the alcohol level is checked by an alcohol meter that accurately establishes the alcoholemia.
2. Since 2012, the possession of an ethotest in a land motor vehicle is mandatory, even if no penalty is provided.

Question 16

Answer 16

Contravention = Traffic ticket
Amende = Fine
Points = Points
Susp. PC = Susp. PC
Prison = Jail

d’air expire = air exhaled

sang = blood

delits = offenses

1. or in a state of drunkenness or refusal to check alcohol
2. Use of narcotic drugs or narcotics
3. use of narcotics and alcohol including contravenal
4. The vehicle is immobilized and can be confiscated in case of delict. Contravention: minor fine 90 euros and fine increased 375 euros

Question 17

Answer 17

Here is how alcohol circulates, between the moment it is swallowed, and the moment it is eliminated:

1. I drink
2. The alcohol goes into the stomach
3. alcohol passes into the intestine
4. alcohol goes into the blood
5. alcohol is burned by the liver 95%
6. alcohol is evacuated by sweat and urine 2.5%
7. alcohol is exhaled by the lungs 2.5%

Question 18

Answer 18

A glass served in a bar (10 g of pure alcohol) raises the alcoholemia from 0.10 mg to 0.15 mg of alcohol per liter of air expires according to the individual. At home, the doses are often higher (x2 or x3).

Attention, 2 glasses can already lead to the offense!
It takes about 2 hours to remove a glass, ie between 0.05 mg / l and 0.07 mg / l of air expires per hour! For a woman, at equal weight and at the same dose, alcoholemia is higher and elimination is slower than in men! If I eat, alcohol takes 1 hour to pass in the blood. If I am fasting, alcohol takes 30 minutes to pass into the blood.

Question 19

Answer 19

1. Evolution of alcoholemia
2. mg of alcohol per liter of air expires
3. aperitif
4. dinner
5. evening
6. contravention
7. delit

Example: during an evening, I consume alcohol until the alcoholemia to 0,60 mg / l of air expires (1.20 g / l of blood). The more I consume and the more the elimination slows down. At the rate of one hour to eliminate 0.10 g / l to 0.15 g / l of blood, if I stop at midnight, my alcohol will return to 0 only between 11 am and noon. I might be offending at breakfast time.

Question 20

Answer 20

The effects of alcohol:
1. The field of vision shrinks. Without realizing it, I begin to misjudge the distances and the gestures are not precise.

2. I have moments of inattention, a poor appreciation of speed. I’m late discovering driving situations.
3. I lose certain notions of conduct, with a feeling of invulnerability. I feel optimistic about my abilities.
4. The greatest danger is that the driver feels good and has the ability to drive.
5. 1.5 mg / l: significant risk of ethylic coma
6. 5 mg / l: risk of death
7. There is no antidote for eliminating alcohol. No. In this case, only one solution: do not drive. Plastering of the stomach with oil or any other product can be very dangerous (ethylic shock)

Question 21

Answer 21

Cannabis and other drugs: Cannabis produces dangerous effects, similar to those of alcohol. Warning. the alcohol and drug combination is very dangerous. The risk of a serious accident is multiplied by 15. The driving under narcotic is punished with the same penalties as the delict of alcoholemia. The control is performed with a salivary test, without the presence of a doctor is necessary, or urinary. it is generalized throughout France. Drug and alcohol dangerously increase the reaction time.

Question 22

Answer 22

1. The minimum visual acuity is 5/10 for both eyes. 5/10 if an eye is less than or equal to 1/10. An accidental one-eye must wait 6 months before driving again.
2. The average reaction time lasts about 1 second. To follow another user, I leave 2 seconds of security distance.
3. 40% of serious accidents are related to fatigue. I stop for 20 minutes every two hours.
4. Phonecalling (bluetooth) is dangerous and prohibited (hand held or headset).
5. There are three levels of dangerosite of a drug. Each is signaled by a logo: yellow for orange annoying effects for dangerous effects and red for a total contraindication of driving.
6. Driving with an alcoholemia equal to or greater than 0.25 mg / l of exhaled air or 0.5 g / l of blood is a contrvention (0.10 mg / l of exhaled air or 0.2 g / l of blood in a probationary period).
7. Driving with an alcoholemia equal to or greater than 0.40 mg / l of air expires or 0.8 g / l of blood or is a delict.
8. The drug is detected using a salivary or urinary test. The offense is punishable as for an alcohol offense.

Question 23

Answer 23

1. The road network comprises about one million kilometers of roads, including about ten thousand kilometers of motorways or similar. roads can be one-way or two-way traffic.
2. The road is composed of a roadway for traffic, and shoulders for parking or pedestrians. In built-up areas, the shoulders are built on sidewalks. The road is divided into tracks which are or are not delimited by a marking on the ground.
3. Watch out for dirt roads. They may be the culmination of a private road, or an agricultural or forestry road. As a rule, the vehicles that circulate there must yield the way before entering the road.

Question 24

Answer 24

The colors of the cartridges placed at the top of the direction or location panels, as well as on the roadside markers, make it possible to know the category of road on which I travel. The number listed allows me to locate on a road map.

Question 25

Answer 25

1. There are all kinds of roads, from the dirt road to the highway. To each its particular rules, also and especially behaviors adapted because of the diversity of the users and the motive of the displacements.
2. Residence and city center: Pedestrians of all ages and cyclists are the main users. The city centers are more and more endowed with zones 30, or the speed is limited to 30 km / h, of pedestrian areas where the circulation is made with the step, and zones of meeting where the speed is limited to 20 km / h.
3. urbanization: pedestrians, cyclists and motor vehicles use the streets. Often driving at 50 km / h is excessive.

Question 26

Answer 26

1. Peri-urban road: The entrance to the agglomeration may be limited to 70 km / h on protected and protected roads. They often serve economic or industrial sectors.
2. Regulated access road: A ring road or inter-town link roads may be limited to a few categories of users. Be careful, these roads can be one-way or two-way.

Question 27

Answer 27

1. Getting in: Starting from a stop or a reduced speed, to reach that of the flow of traffic.
2. Leave a parking lot or property: Before entering the public highway, drivers must yield the way to vehicles traveling on the road. The rules of the highway code apply in any place accessible to the public. The supermarkets are part of it.

Question 28

Answer 28

From the side of the road: I can be parked on the shoulder or along the sidewalk. The interior mirror will initially inform me about the arrival of users who travel on the axis. The relay is taken by the outside mirror (left or right depending on the side or I park to ensure that no vehicle is in the blind spot). Finally, a direct observation while returning me completes my taking of information.

Question 29

Answer 29

Insertion path: My speed, at the beginning, gives me time to take traffic information and decide when to start. I put the blinker and I’m frankly speaking. Lastly, I only get in when my speed is close to that of other users, without any sort of thing. As a reminder: to give way is not to slow down or change the trajectory of other users.

Question 30

Answer 30

1. If possible, I help trucks, caravan teams, or all other users in difficulty to fit. For that, I can win the left lane or slow down.
2. Traffic may be very heavy, in which case courtesy takes precedence over the rule. Each is inserted as an eclair closure.
3. Braking or stopping at the end of the lane is dangerous because users follow me. I regulate my speed to get out behind the truck.

Question 31

Answer 31

1. Maneuvering: To clear a place, to tidy up, to facilitate the passage on a narrow street for example, I sometimes need to maneuver.
2. Back up: this maneuver can be delicate, even dangerous. It is prohibited on highway, on road with access regulated and in any place where another user could not see me maneuvering. The maneuver is always done by turning, in direct vision.

Question 32

Answer 32

1. Make a U-turn: This maneuver can be prohibited because you cut the lanes.
2. It is often best to do this using an unobstructed intersection, or by walking around the neighborhood.
3. If you are required to do so, use a location with good visibility and follow the schema instructions.

Question 33

Answer 33

1. The French road network is made up of one million kilometers of roads, of which 10,000 are motorways or similar
2. Getting into the traffic from the sidewalk, a car park or a private lane always requires giving way to other users.
3. Getting in and starting from a lane calls for good observation before you accelerate. I put the blinker on the left when I decide to start.
4. Back to maneuver asks to turn in direct vision. I check that I do not embarrass anyone and let me go back
5. The U-turn must remain exceptional. Always prefer a roundabout, the turn of the district or a large unobstructed intersection.

Question 34

Answer 34

Definition: The highway is a one way street, without intersection, prohibited to all vehicles that drive without a driver’s license (cyclists, moped, carts, quads and pedestrians).

The highway is bounded by early and late signs.

Question 35

Answer 35

Roads with separate access roads are very similar to highways. the rules of circulation and the prohibitions are almost the same. Be careful, these roads with regulated access (start sign and end sign) are not always separated and sometimes have intersections.

Question 36

Answer 36

The parts of the highway: One arrives on the highway by a ramp of prolonged access of a way of insertion called way of acceleration. The highway pavement has at least 2x2 lanes separated by a central solid land. At the right end of the roadway there is an emergency stop strip where it is forbidden to drive, stop or park except in case of breakdown or accident. We leave the highway by a deceleration lane which gives on an exit ramp.

Question 37

Answer 37

1. As a reminder, the speeds are reduced to 110 km / h on the motorway and 100 km / h on separate roads during: driving accompanied and the probationary period
2. 110 km / h on separate roads and 80 km / h on two-way roads, respectively 100 km / h and 80 km / h for novice drivers.
3. There is no minimum speed on motorways except to drive on the left lane. However, I must warn with distress lights when traveling at an unusually slow speed. In the event of a breakdown, I can then proceed at a reduced speed on the emergency stop strip to reach a protected area.

Question 38

Answer 38

1. Under normal traffic conditions, the left-most lane on a highway is prohibited if I drive at speeds below 80 km / h
2. The lane reserved for slow vehicles is compulsory if the speed is less than or equal to 60 km / h. Complementary signaling may be provided in the case of a risk of collision with slow vehicles.
3. Visibility is less than 50 m and I do not exceed 50 km / h.

Question 39

Answer 39

1. Safety distance: Two lines of the emergency stop band correspond to the two required seconds of safety space.
2. This signage is installed on sections of motorway or road with separate roadways. Each panel is distant of 300 m.

Question 40

Answer 40

1. Bifurcation of highways: An interchange is a bifurcation which is often followed by a junction. The highway splits into two branches. I remain vigilant because it is a place where users change lanes according to the direction they will take.
2. Junction: Two autoroutues come together to make one. Sometimes the highway then passes from two lanes to three or four lanes to reduce thereafter. There is no specific direction sign. In all cases, one branch of the highway gives way to the other branch.

Question 41

Answer 41

1. Rest areas and services: On highway, the rest areas are distant from each other about ten minutes. A break every two hours is a minimum. Children need more and relax often. Some offer only a rest and hygiene area, others catering services, trade, fuel, maintenance or relaxation.

Question 42

Answer 42

Emergency call terminals:
1. On highway, they are distant from the next 2 km. They serve for a breakdown or an accident. I will be in direct contact with the relief.

Question 43

Answer 43

1. this sign indicates the nearest station
2. To join him, I follow the directions while walking behind the safety rail. Beforehand, I put the passengers behind the rail, because staying in the vehicle can be very dangerous.
3. Then simply press a button to contact the emergency services. It will always be best to use the emergency call terminals rather than your own phone.

Question 44

Answer 44

1. On the road, the terminals can be signaled by a sign.

Question 45

Answer 45

The fencing barriers
1. There is the barrier where I take a ticket, and those where I pay. Not all positions are open.

2. I will choose the open path that leads me to the desired payment method

Question 46

Answer 46

At the exit, I pay according to the mileage traveled and the class of the vehicle. A trip with a truck or a caravan costs more than with a passenger vehicle. In case of loss of the ticket, I pay the longest distance. To use the telepeage, I must have a badge. I walk under the barrier and my passage is automatically recorded. Attention, at the level of automatic payment with the bank card and the telepeage, the height is often limited.

Question 47

Answer 47

1. Leaving the highway or a fast lane: The main problem when leaving a lane is to adapt the speed to the new environment. We always have the impression of moving slowly.
2. I prefer to pause to break with the previous rhythm.

Question 48

Answer 48

1. The highway is a firm medium accessible to vehicles requiring a driving license
2. Roads with free access to separate roadways are subject to the same rules as the highway except for speed
3. The roadway is one-way and the shoulder strip on the right is reserved for emergency
4. Stop and parking, reverse and U-turn are prohibited on the emergency stop strip.
5. Speed ​​is limited to 130 km / h on highway and 110 km / h on one-way roads with regulated access
6. To drive on the left lane of the motorway, the speed may not be less than 80 km / h in normal traffic conditions
7. The safety distance corresponds to two lines of the emergency stop band, ie 2 seconds.
8. A break every 2 hours allows you to relax and rest
9. The emergency call stations are located every two kilometers
10. The toll lanes are indicated according to the method of payment. The telepeage can be crossed at a pace, without having to stop.
11. After leaving the highway, I force myself to master my speed.

Question 49

Answer 49

Mountain: The mountain has specific driving conditions: long slopes, long descents, and especially very tight turns. Winter driving requires experience.

Assembly: The passes are open or closed in winter; and special equipment may become mandatory.

Question 50

Answer 50

1. This light is triggered automatically during avalanches and mudslides. In winter, I do not horn in the mountains.

Descent: I avoid braking downhill and I use the engine brake because I may heat the brakes (fading), until they are ineffective. In the event of brake failure, I set myself down from the side to stop or I use the path of distress indicated by this sign.

Question 51

Answer 51

From November, I equip my vehicle with special tires for snow and ice, for the winter period. Studded tires (studded tires) are permitted from the Saturday preceding 11 November to the last Sunday of March of the following year. A disc is affixed to the rear of the car and the speed is then limited to 90 km / h. The chains are obligatory in the presence of the panel.

Question 52

Answer 52

As a reminder, it is the one who goes down who must stop first to facilitate the rise of the other user. If it is necessary to maneuver, it is the lightest or the vehicle isolates compared to the articulated vehicle. A bus does not back down.

Question 53

Answer 53

Sometimes the passage is regulated by panels or lights

Question 54

Answer 54

Turns and laces: Turns are often pins on the mountainside. Heavy or bulky vehicles sometimes need all the space to turn. I facilitate their passage. When there is a risk of collisions with slow moving vehicles, this type of signaling can be implemented and repeated. The use of the buzzer, if it is forbidden in urban areas, is not, contrary to what one thinks, prohibited in mountain. It is even sometimes useful in a lace to warn of its presence when the road is narrow.

Question 55

Answer 55

Mountain life: In pastures or in nature parks, animals are free. In winter, the boulders break off at the end of the morning during the thaw. This sign indicates stones falling or already on the road. In some places, stopping and parking may be prohibited.

Question 56

Answer 56

1. In mountainous region I find specific panels.
2. A flashing red light may prohibit traffic triggering automatically during an avalanche or mud run
3. In the event of a difficult crossing, the one coming down stops first. If it can go backwards, it is the lightest that recedes or the vehicle isolates from the articulated vehicle. Unless there is a close location.
4. I use the engine brake downhill and I slow down before tackling.

Question 57

Answer 57

At night: When it is dark and the place is not illuminated or poorly lit, I use the high beams.

Question 58

Answer 58

Out of town: I use high beams. Except:

1. if the road is illuminated in permancence
2. If I meet or meet a user

This other user can also be a pedestrian, a cyclist. In this case, I drive in low beam. Before approaching a turn, it is often necessary to return to low beam, so as not to dazzle a user who would arrive in the curve.

Question 59

Answer 59

Glare: I can adjust the mirror inside the position - night. In case of dazzle in front of me, I make a light signal and I slow down. In no case do I maintain the high beam. I look right between the shore line and the traffic lights. I do not fix at the middle line because I may then go insensibly. Depending on the load of the vehicle, under the hood or under the dashboard, a knob allows the adjustment of lights in height in order not to dazzle the user opposite.

Question 60

Answer 60

In town: I am authorized to drive with the only position lights when the lighting is sufficient. But it is not recommended because I am less well seen among others who roar in low beam. it is better to drive in low beam. If there is no lighting, I drive with high beams.

Question 61

Answer 61

1. Crossings: When to pass high beam in low beam? There is no precise distance. When the one on the other side begins to dazzle me or if it passes in the low beam, it’s time for me too to switch to low beam. By joining a user, when the high beams start to illuminate the rear of his vehicle, I switch to low beam.
2. Passages: At night, when I learn to pass a user, I use the low beam. Arrived at its height, I will pass in high beam and him in low beam. I make this change when I’m sure not to dazzle in his exterior mirror left.

Question 62

Answer 62

Parking
1. At night, out of town: The stop and the parking are done on the shoulder. Because the vehicle is not on the road, it should not be reported, otherwise it may mislead other users who are traveling.

2. At night, in town: If there are clear and protected locations, it is not useful to turn on the parking or position lights in the absence of public lighting. It is the same along the sidewalk if a bon lighting exists all night.

Question 63

Answer 63

Speed: When I pass driving lights, which illuminate at 100 m, in low beam, whose range is reduced to 30 m, I suddenly find myself in a black hole. At 80 km / h, I need about 65 m to stop. This means that I am missing at least 35 m of information about the distance required to stop. I must therefore imperatively slow down when I pass high beams at low beam.

Question 64

Question 65

Answer 65

1. At night without lighting, I drive in high beam
2. I drive in low beam in the presence of other users
3. in illuminated agglomeration, I am authorized to circulate with the only position lights
4. Passasge of high beams at low beams requires slow down

Question 66

Answer 66

Weather: When the visibility is reduced due to meteorology or lighting, I have to turn on the dipped beam

1. The position lights alone are not enough, and are reserved for the agglomeration lit.
2. Low beam is the minimum
3. The high beams, are used only the night without public lighting or to make a call light
4. In fog, snow or heavy rain, I turn on the front fog lights with or instead of the low beam. I can use them at night out of town, with high beam on narrow and winding road.
5. The rear fog light (s) are used in fog or snowfall conditions. In this case, you have to be seen. In the rain alone, I do not use them.

Question 67

Answer 67

The rain: At the beginning of rain, the road becomes as slippery as on the ice. Then, the rain naturally cleans the road. On a wet pavement the adhesion decreases by about half compared to a dry road. Watch out for pedestrians when I go through a puddle. In addition, a puddle of deep water is an obstacle to advancement. When the weather is rainy, speed is limited on roads, on separate roads and on motorways.

Question 68

Answer 68

Aquaplanage: when the breakages can no longer evacuate the water in front of the tire, it rises. There is no longer any adherence or direction possible. The sculptures of the tires allow the evacuation of the water. Aquaplaning (aquaplaning or hydroplaning) begins to appear at 60 or 70 km / h with tires in limit of wear.

pneu de profil = profile of tire

pneu de face = front of tire

Question 69

Answer 69

Accessories:
1. The windshield wipers generally operate on three speeds: intermittent, normal and fast, depending on the intensity of the rain or splashing water. A rear wiper equips many vehicles.

2. The windscreen washer cleans the windshield and rear window with anti-freeze detergent. There can be a tank at the front and another at the back

Question 70

Answer 70

1. I use the air conditioners, the temperature setting and the forced ventilation to fog the windows of the passenger compartment. I can also let a stream of air from a window to accelerate the demisting.
2. It is often necessary to activate the de-icing (or demisting) of the rear window. On some models, the extinction is automatic. It is a big consumer of energy.

Question 71

Answer 71

Fog: Fog occurs in cool, wet weather (spring and fall) in exposed areas, close to water points and rivers. He is often present in tablecloths and suddenly masks the visibility. I slow down heavily before entering a tablecloth.

I do not get close to a user in front of me. I increase the safety distance.

Question 72

Answer 72

The speed is limited to 50 km / h if the visibility is less than 50 m. I avoid overruns as much as possible. I guide myself on the ground by placing myself well between the shore line and the median line, because if I have to beware of the opposite direction of traffic, I must also beware of two-wheelers on the right.

Warning. I have to turn off the fog lights when there is no more fog. The high beam is inefficient in foggy weather because it acts as a screen and returns light to the driver.

Question 73

Answer 73

The snow: The snow transforms the road which becomes slippery depending on the temperature and the settlement. Adherence may vary and be comparable to a start of rain, up to an ice rink.

Question 74

Answer 74

I stay away from snow removal and salting equipment in action. I facilitate their maneuvers, especially at intersections. It is forbidden to overtake them, even on the highway.

Before driving, I remove all the snow accumulated on the roof and hood. I do not disappear the glass windows with hot water because I risk bursting them (thermal shock)

Question 75

Answer 75

The chains are mounted on the drive wheels. They are mandatory in the presence of the panel. Thermo-snow or thermo-contact snow tires are sometimes tolerable instead of chains.

The front or rear fog lights can be used when it is snowing.

The ice storm: The ice storm is sneaky because it is often present in good dry weather. I’m wary of approaching a river, a lake, a bridge, and sales places away from the sun. The adhesion then becomes almost zero.

Question 76

Answer 76

Beware of frost: Put antifreeze in the radiator and windshield washer fluid. I avoid squeezing the hand, which may be blocked by freezing. I drive flexibly, handling the steering wheel with my fingertips. The accelerations are soft, for a very reduced speed. I slow down well in advance, gradually letting go of the accelerator. If I retrograde a speed, I enclose very flexibly.

Beware of hail falls: The risk of hail is common during spring dips and summer thunderstorms. Slow down as if you were driving on the snow.

Question 77

Answer 77

Wind: The wind can blow regularly, or bursts. I feel the effects in various situations:

1. Arriving at a place indicated by an air sleeve
2. after a building
3. after a hill
4. during the overtaking or at the end of the overtaking of a heavy weight
5. on a bridge

Question 78

Answer 78

1. The wind force is given by the inclination of the windsock. The stronger the wind, the more the handle goes up horizontally. In addition, it indicates the orientation of the wind. Station to the side wind.
2. Beware of falling branches (sometimes trees during storms) or garbage containers having poured on the road for example. I do not have to hold on tightly to the steering wheel, but rather to prepare myself to grind the trajectory smoothly. No steering wheel.

Question 79

Answer 79

1. Low beam lights come on as visibility becomes degraded or brightness decreases
2. the front fog lights come on in fog, when the snow is falling, and in heavy rain. They can be turned on with high beams on narrow and winding roads, out of town.
3. The rear fog lights only light up in fog and when the snow falls
4. In the rain, the pavement becomes slippery and aquaplaning can occur very early. In the rain, the speeds are then legally lowered
5. Windshield wipers, windshield wipers and vents are used to maintain good visibility
6. watch out for the fog. I am limited to 50 km / h by visibility less than 50 m
7. In the fog, I never drive near another user
8. It is forbidden to go beyond a plow or salting machine in action
9. I facilitate the passage of the snow machines in any place
10. Ice appears near wet places. It requires a smooth ride and a very low speed.
11. The wind is particularly dangerous when I come out of an arbrite place. The windsock indicates the strength and direction of the wind. My action on the steering wheel is flexible.

Question 80

Answer 80

Tunnels: The passage of a tunnel requires precautions and appropriate behavior to make it as possible as it is a closed place that can suddenly be very dangerous.

1. Whether the tunnels are long or short, there are rules to respect, even if there is not always a sign to prescribe them. In an agglomeration, in an illuminated tunnel, I turn on at least the position lights; off agglomeration I turn on the low beam. If the tunnel is not lit, I turn on the high beam, provided not to generate.

Question 81

Answer 81

1. access may be prohibited or regulated in protected convoy
2. stopping and parking are prohibited
3. These signs are there to remind me that the tunnels are not always very wide, nor very high. If the traffic is done in two directions, I slow down and squeeze to the right
4. Speed is often limited
5. These tunnel entrance and exit panels are installed when they are more than 300 m long.

Question 82

Answer 82

1. I systematically respect the safety distance
2. I stay tuned to the station which will automatically send alerts and instructions in the event of an incident under a tunnel.

Question 83

Answer 83

The entrance
1. Some long tunnels are managed by companies and are paid. Security is ensured by 24-hour video surveillance and specialized teams. Radars record speeds.

2. If my vehicle runs on LPG, I have to declare it. I have previously checked the fuel level of my vehicle to avoid breaking down.

Question 84

Answer 84

1. I respect the signals
2. I do not enter the tunnel because there is danger
3. In the tunnel: In some tunnels, blue lights help maintain the distance between vehicles. Two blue lights must be left between each vehicle.

Question 85

Answer 85

1. In case of traffic stop, I maintain this distance, which protects from a possible spread of a fire.

Question 86

Answer 86

In the event of a minor incident: If I have a puncture, a mechanical breakdown or a material collision, I prefer to drive my vehicle to one of the refuges along the tunnel. I turn on the distress lights, I cut the ignition, I leave the keys in place and I put on my safety vest. Using the call station, I contact the emergency services.

Question 87

Answer 87

In case of major incident

1. The major incident is the fire. In this case, everything is played in the first minutes. If smoke appears flax, I stop without approaching the vehicles in front of me, I turn on the lights of distress, I cut the engine, I leave the keys on the dashboard and I evacue the tunnel.
2. I am not protected in an emergency stopping area or in a call booth, so I join without a safe haven signaling. I take care of all my passengers. I do not come back. I respect the instructions that will be communicated to me by posters or by radio.

Question 88

Answer 88

Exit the tunnel: Watch out for glare. I eventually lower the sunshade, I prepare the sunglasses … I slow down. I only extinguish the fires after being released.

Question 89

Answer 89

1. Stop and parking are forbidden in a tunnel
2. When the tunnel is illuminated: mandatory passing lights outside built-up areas; position lights only permitted in built-up areas
3. I comply with the speed limits and the distances to be respected between users, even at the stop
4. a flashing red light illuminates = stop
5. In the event of an incident, I turn on the distress lights, switch off the ignition, leave the keys on it, go to a safe area and call for help. No mobile phone.
6. In case of fire, I join a safe haven with the passengers and I do not come back.
7. I slow down and get away from glare at the end of the tunnel.

Question 90

Answer 90

Level Crossings: Every year, we count people killed while crossing a crossing while it is forbidden. 148 collisions occurred in 2013 with a record of 29 people killed. In France, there are 15,000 level crossings and every three days a car collides with a train. Despite the significant risk, 10% of motorists declare they have already crossed a level crossing without respecting the basic rules.

Question 91

Answer 91

The train:
1. A train is always a priority. The passage could be protected by manual barriers, or most often automatic barriers. In this case, the sign - automatic signal - completes the panel

2. The passage can be without barriers on less used roads.

Question 92

Answer 92

1. One or two red flashing lights or a stop sign may stop traffic.
2. In position, the number of channels can be signaled by a specific panel.

Question 93

Answer 93

1. The passage is open. The alarm rings. I stop. At this moment, there are only twenty seconds left before the arrival of another train
2. The lights are flashing. I did not go. The barriers are going down. If I am stuck in the middle of the tracks, I evacute the vehicle.

Question 94

Answer 94

1. The train passes
2. I wait for the barriers to be fully raised before starting. Warning. If the traffic is stopped after the passage, I wait for the traffic in front of me to restart.

Question 95

Answer 95

The tram:
1. More and more cities are equipping themselves with a network of trams integrated into the traffic. It is generally well separated from the traffic lanes and the intersections are then managed by lights.

2. I have to be very cautious, especially around stop stations.

Question 96

Answer 96

1. A tramway is passed from the free side of the road, to the left or to the right. But I will not be able to overtake him if he is stopped, on the side or the passengers go down.
2. Specific lights for trams can not be confused with others. They are synchronized with other traffic lights.

Question 97

Answer 97

1. A level crossing is always a priority
2. Every three days a car collides with a train
3. The flashing red light of passasges at train or tram level lights up directly without warning other than a bell.

Question 98

Answer 98

Fragile users: Children and especially the elderly,
for reasons of vision, mobility and reactivity, are the first victims of the road in urban areas. Watch out for the disabled and parents who need space to move a wheelchair or stroller. As a reminder, pedestrians and two-wheelers are crossed or overtaking leaving 1 m minimum of lateral space in agglomeration and 1.50 m out of town. I must take into account their zone of uncertainty, that is to say the place or imagine their behavior in the following seconds.

Question 99

Answer 99

There are few ways to communicate between users

1. The turn signal, for course deviations and changes of direction
2. lights, to attract attention
3. stop lights, to signal a slowdown
4. distress lights, to signal a danger
5. the horn, or horn, to signal its presence in the vicinity
6. finally, the gesture can invite a user to pass.

Question 100

Answer 100

The trajectory: Any deviation from the trajectory must be reported, so that other users can in turn predict the same deviation. I then communicate information

Lane change: All lane changes are preceded by a rearward control and lateral control. I put the blinker on the left to place me on the left; and I put it on the right if you want to come back to the right.

Question 101

Answer 101

A call of light, day or night, can arouse the attention of the one who is going to pass. The signal remains brief.

Question 102

Answer 102

Turn left or right: Warn early enough so that other users can have time to understand my intention and act accordingly. Attention, do not put his flashing to change direction can cost 3 points on the driving license.

To slow down: Any slowing down is preceded by a look towards the back using the mirror. It is sometimes necessary to call the stop lights, without braking, to warn that we are stopped in traffic, or when a user is too close for example, so we will brake.

Question 103

Answer 103

Traffic between bikers’ lanes: The traffic between the lines consists of driving two-wheelers or motorized three-wheelers between the rows of vehicles at a stop or driving at a reduced speed in heavy and congested traffic. I must be vigilant behind the wheel of my vehicle. You can move between the lines in 11 departments (until 2020) only on highways and roads has at least two times two lanes separated by a terreplein central and where the authorized speed is between 70 and 130 km / h. When there are three lanes of traffic, motorized two-wheelers must circulate between the two lanes of vehicles on the left-most side of the road. I have to check regularly in my mirrors and in my blind spots.

Question 104

Answer 104

Danger: The distress lights are not used to apologize for a parking or stopping infraction. I have to use them in three cases:

1. during a sudden slowdown if I’m last in line
2. if my speed is abnormally slow because of a breakdown for example
3. to report an immobilization, a breakdown, an accident, an obstacle

Question 105

Answer 105

Warn: The horn is not very useful today and serves only to warn of immediate danger. It is sometimes useful on a very narrow and winding road for example

1. In urban areas, its use is prohibited except in case of immediate danger. Its use is forbidden at night.
2. At night, I warn of my presence with a call of fire:
3. before a turn
4. before an intersection
5. before a hilltop

Question 106

Answer 106

A gesture, a smile: Often, a gesture is enough to solve a problem of passage. A smile brings users closer.

Question 107

Answer 107

1. Children and above all the elderly are the first victims of the road in urban areas
2. Communicating with other users serves to inform them about what is being done
3. The turn signal for course deviations and changes of direction
4. lights to attract attention before overtaking, before an intersection or a turn
5. Stop lights to signal a slowdown
6. distress lights to signal a breakdown, danger, sudden slowdown or abnormally slow speed
7. the sounder to signal his presence. It is forbidden at night and in urban areas, except in case of immediate danger
8. Finally the gesture can invite a user to pass.

Question 108

Answer 108

The vehicles progress slowly: Their speed does not exceed 40 km / h. They are equipped with one or more yellow beacons as they travel on the road. These vehicles must receive my full attention because of their slowness, their size, their movements or the presence of personnel around them. These same beacons also equip public works vehicles or exceptional services.

Question 109

Answer 109

Vehicles enjoying easy passage: I facilitate the passage of these vehicles when they are on mission. They are equipped with blue flashing lights and a three-tone horn. These are private ambulances, emergency vehicles from EDF or Gaz de France, and cash-in-transit vehicles from the Banque de France. Winter snow removal and sanding equipment can not be passed when in use. They do not have priority at intersections.

Question 110

Answer 110

Priority vehicles: These are firefighters, the SAMU and SMUR, police and gendarmerie, as well as customs. They are equipped with rotating blue beacons and a two-tone horn. I have to give them the passage.

Question 111

Answer 111

1. I give my full attention to vehicles with a yellow beacon
2. I facilitate the passage to vehicles of general interest enjoying the facilitation of passage
3. I give way to priority vehicles of general interest.

Question 112

Answer 112

What is risk? There are risks that are related to the activity in a system constituted by the Man, the Vehicle, and the Environment. And there are risks that we take voluntarily or inattention; or simply because we do not know the consequences.

Question 113

Answer 113

Risk, offense and accident: The one who takes risks is more exposed than others to be involved in an accident. This explains why police forces and fixed or mobile radars are placed where there is a risk.

The main factors of serious accidents: This is the frequency of factors found in accidents. The factors are cumulative because they are never isolated. Human behavior is found in more than 95% of severe accidents.

Question 114

Answer 114

The main statistical data: The most exposed age group is between 15 and 24 years old (13% of the population and 27% of the dead). Many very serious accidents occur outside urban areas. At night, accidents are more serious while there is much less traffic.

Question 115

Answer 115

Protect:

1. Do not stop if one is involved in an accident is a delit of flight
2. Do not help, at least by alerting, is a delict of not helping a person in danger

If help is already in place, I remain very vigilant not to endanger the rescuers and I go my way. If I am the first to arrive, I protect the place to avoid an accident.

Each driver must keep a safety vest at hand (in the glove box for example) and cover it before leaving the vehicle to install the preignalization trailing it will place about 30 meters from the scene of the accident. A passenger stands in each direction, safe at a hundred meters, and waved a white cloth or a flashlight at night. I place people who are safe on the shoulder, and behind a rail if there is any. As soon as possible, I make sure that the electrical contacts are cut and I disconnect the batteries if necessary. If it is a LPG vehicle, I try to close the gas. If a fire breaks out, I fire the fire extinguisher at the base of the fire. If I do not have a fire extinguisher, I throw sand or earth on it, never water.

Question 116

Answer 116

Emergency clearance of a victim: If a victim can not release himself from a real danger, immediate and uncontrollable, an emergency release is required exceptionally.

Question 117

Answer 117

Alert: In priority I use the orange terminals. From an organ terminal, I press the red button. I will be directly in touch with the helpers, who will know exactly where I am. I specify the best places through the signage, and possibly to nearby buildings. I communicate the number of wounded and their condition (conscience, injuries, etc.). I warn if there are any particular risks (dangerous goods using the vehicle logo, fire, drowning, etc.).

Question 118

Answer 118

The mobile phone can prove very useful to be guided in the gestures of survival and to inform accurately on the state of the wounds. On my laptop, I compose in priority:

1. the 15 (call of the SAMU, in charge of the meidcale answer: urgent problems of health and advices)
2. the 18 (call from the fire brigade, in charge of emergency rescue: people, accidents, fires);
3. the 112 (emergency call valid throughout the European Union)

Question 119

Answer 119

These numbers are free and can be dialed on any phone, even if it is not yours and it is locked. The alert must be as rapid and accurate as possible so as not to delay the intervention of the relief workers and to avoid jeopardizing the life or health of the victim (s). I’m waiting to be asked to hang up to do it.

Question 120

Answer 120

Alert and protection of the population: If the accident involves a vehicle transporting dangerous substances and that it represents a danger for the population, different warning systems come into operation

SAIP: The SAIP (system of alert and information of the populations) is a set of tools (the media, Internet, the mobile application SAIP, panels with variable message, the 5300 sirenes spread over the territory) allowing to warn the public of impending danger or that a serious event is occurring

Question 121

Answer 121

The signal emitted by the sirens is a modulation of a rising and falling sound over three successive cycles. Every month, tests are conducted at noon on the first Wednesday. Not to be confused with a real alert, the sound is emitted over a period of only 30 s.

Question 122

Answer 122

Behavior to adopt: From the beginning of the alert, until the signal of end of alert, it is necessary:

1. get in security and reach without delay a building
2. stay informed using the media and the internet
3. respect the instructions of the authorities

If the instructions are to confine myself, I close the doors and the windows, I caulk the doors, the windows and the vents, I deactivate the systems of ventialation or air conditioning. If the cosines are to evacuate, then I take my emergency kit prepared in advance

Question 123

Answer 123

Attention, in all cases:

1. I remain safe and I will not pick up my children at school because they are supported by teachers
2. I use my mobile phone only in case of a vital emergency in order to avoid saturating the telephone networks

In the event of a terrorist attack or violent situation: The national instructions indicated must be applied. If it is impossible to escape, it is necessary to hide, to obey the forces of order, to carry out the first aid and to remain vigilant.

Question 124

Answer 124

Rescue: Providing help does not necessarily mean doing first aid. The first relief actions are part of compulsory education.

To do this, there are accessible internships at the age of 10, such as:

1. Saving Gestures (GQS)
2. Level 1 Civil Protection and Prevention (PSC 1)
3. First Aid in a Level 1 Team (PSE 1)
4. First aid team level 2 (PES 2)

These trainings are only provided by approved associations and organizations entitled to training in first aid by the Ministry of the Interior. They make it possible to acquire the competences to participate by its behavior with the security of the people.

Question 125

Answer 125

First aid
1. The trauma: The trauma is a bone lesion (fracture), joints (sprain or dislocation), organs (head, throax, abdomen) or skin. The signs of trauma can be multiple (sharp pain, impossibility to move, swelling, defomration). The risks can be significant and lead to neurological complications (paralysis, impaired consciousness, loss of consciousness), circulatory or respiratory problems

Question 126

Answer 126

If the trauma is in the spinal column (back or neck pain), spinal cord injury is possible. In the case of a trauma, you must neither move nor move the victim. It is necessary to alert or alert the aid and respect the recommendations given. Finally, watch the victim by talking and comforting him, protecting him from cold, heat or bad weather.

Question 127

Answer 127

Hemorrhage: Abundant or prolonged loss of blood leads to circulatory distress which immediately or very short term leads the life of the victim (cardiac arrest). A haemorrhage is a prolonged loss of blood from a wound or orifice, which soaks a handkerchief in a few seconds and does not stop spontaneously. I remain attentive to the fact that a bleeding can be masked by the position of the victim or a clothing aple and absorbent, such as a coat or a jacket.

Question 128

Answer 128

In the case of bleeding, the victim should be asked to immediately squeeze the bleeding or non-bleeding place, to do so in his place. Be careful to protect your hand to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases. Then, extend the victim, then alert the rescue. The alert is made by a witness if he or you are present if the victim can compress the wound alone. If it is necessary to make a compression, it is advisable to strongly press on the place which bleeds with the fingers or the palm of the hand, by interposing a thickness of clean fabric completely covering the wound (handkerchiefs, tea towels, clothes, .. .) and keep this compression until help arrives.

Question 129

Answer 129

The cardiac arrest: A person is in cardiac arrest when his heart does not work anymore one works in an anarchic way. The oxygenation of the brain is no longer assured. Brain damage occurs in the first minute of lack of oxygen. If no first aid is done, the victim dies within minutes. I can identify a cardiac arrest when the victim does not answer questions and does not respond. It is also the case if it does not breathe (no visible chest movement and no noise or breath perceived), or if the victim presents abnormal breathing with respiratory movements inefficient, slow, irregular and noisy.

Question 130

Answer 130

In the case of a cardiac arrest, I must:

1. Alert by immediately calling for help, preferably with my mobile phone and putting it on speakerphone to keep your hands free.
2. massage by performing early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). For this, I must repeat cycles of 30 chest compressions followed by 2 breaths (mouth to mouth). If you can not perform the breaths, I massage continuously.
3. Defibrillate using an external automatic defibrillator (AED) if there is one nearby. I implement it as soon as possible. I heard the indications given by voice messages. Firstly, the electrodes must be placed after having removed or cut if necessary the clothes covering the victim’s chest. If the defibrillator announces that the shock is necessary, I dismiss the people around me and resume chest compressions immediately. If the shock is not necessary, I continue the chest compressions until help arrives.

Question 131

Answer 131

Loss of consciousness - A person becomes unconscious when he does not respond and does not react to verbal or physical solicitation but breathes. If the victim remains on the back, it may have significant respiratory difficulties that may lead to cardiac arrest. Breathing is only possible if the airways allow the passage of air without hindrance. By being on the back, the victim can be prevented from breathing by liquids present in the throat (gastric fluids, blood, saliva) or by the tongue that tilts back. I acknowledge a loss of consciousness if the victim does not answer questions, remains motionless, but breathes.

Question 132

Answer 132

In the case of a loss of consciousness, I must:

1. Alert or alert relief
2. Appreciate the state of the victim’s conscience by asking simple questions - how are things going? you hear me? shaking his shoulders gently; taking her hand and asking her to hold me
3. Check that the victim is breathing, looking at whether the belly and chest are lifting, or trying to feel a flow of air at the expiration
4. Place the casualty in the lateral safety position (PLS) to keep the airways free and facilitate the flow of liquids in the throat.

Question 133

Answer 133

5. constantly monitor the victim’s breathing until help arrives.

Question 134

Answer 134

1. 50% of fatal accidents are caused by non-compliance with a rule; 30% alcohol and 25% speed.
2. 95% of accidents have a human cause
3. The number of people killed on the road dropped from nearly 17,000 in 1972 to 3,477 in 2017
4. The age group 15-24 is the most at risk
5. Serious accidents occur mainly when there is an impression of security, and more particularly at night outside the town. A biker is 21 times more exposed than a car driver.
6. In the presence of an accident, I must protect, alert and then rescue
7. Call numbers are 15, 18, 17, or 112 using a mobile phone.

Question 135

Answer 135

See and be seen: All glazed surfaces and lights must be clean. Sometimes a detergent product is needed to take off the insects.

The glazed surfaces: The windshield at the front is composed of a protective lamination in case of impact. Windscreen and front side windows on the driver’s side and on the passenger side shall have sufficient transparency both from the inside and the outside of the vehicle. Attention, I risk 3 points less on my driving license if my vehicle has over-tinted windows.

Question 136

Answer 136

No labels may be affixed on glazed surfaces, except the sticker of the technical control and that of the insurance. They are glued to the bottom right of the windshield.

The rear window generally includes heating resistors for defrosting and defogging. If I clean the inside, I pay attention to filaments that are fragile.

Question 137

Answer 137

Fires: Fires serve to see and be seen, but they also serve to communicate with other users:

1. slowdown with stop lamps
2. the change of direction with the flashing
3. an anomaly or danger with the distress signal
4. my presence with a call of fire. They must be regulated by a specialist and in good working order

Question 138

Answer 138

In the front:

1. 2 or 4 high beam
2. 2 dipped beam
3. 2 position lights
4. 2 front fog lights (optional)

Question 139

Answer 139

In back:

1. 2 red lights
2. 1 (left) or 2 rear fog lights
3. 3 stop lights
4. Illuminating license plate readable at 20 m
5. 2 red reflective devices (reflex reflectors)
6. 1 or 2 reversing lights (optional)

Question 140

Answer 140

1. 2 turn signals at the front and 2 at the back
2. The distress signal is generated by lighting the front and rear indicators. There are also daytime running lights, which come on automatically when the engine is started; and automatic cornering lights to illuminate the sides when turning.

Question 141

Answer 141

The range of lights: Some recent models can be equipped with corner lights that illuminate laterally in pronounced turns (right or left), in support of other lights. They are controlled by the rotation of the steering wheel.

2 front position lights and 2 rear lights: Visible at 150 m. Front position lamps may be white or yellow.

Question 142

Answer 142

2 low beam: Light on 30 m minimum, without dazzle. The low beam may be white or yellow.

Question 143

Answer 143

2 high beam: Illuminate at least 100 m. The high beam may be white or yellow.

Question 144

Answer 144

Mirrors: The driver’s field of vision can not be seen either on the sides or towards the rear. The three mirrors serve to fill only a portion to the rear. It is therefore imperative to turn the head to control the odds, especially before turning or passing. The right exterior mirrors are mandatory if the vision of the interior mirror is obscured by the load or a trailer.

Question 145

Answer 145

1. field of view of the conductor
2. blind spot
3. left rear view mirror field of vision
4. field of view interior mirror
5. outside rear view mirror right

Question 146

Answer 146

Controls: These are used to drive the vehicle and manage the power of the engine. They use visibility or comfort accessories.

Question 147

Answer 147

The steering wheel: Some manufacturers offer a height and / or depth adjustment. Apart from handling the ancillary controls, I always have to hold it with both hands. No hands inside the crown.

According to my size and comfort, I hold the wheel at 9:15 or 10:10, in balance. The adjustment of the backrest must make it possible to reach the top of the crown during a maneuver. I never clutch the steering wheel but I hold it smoothly to act smoothly, especially when side wind or overtaking a truck.

Question 148

Answer 148

Wiper control: The right-hand control controls the wipers, as well as the front and rear windshield wipers. 3 possible speeds:

1. intermittent for raindrops
2. normal for rain
3. fast for a shower or splashing water

Question 149

Answer 149

Les commandes e’eclairage

1. position seuls
2. croisement
3. route
4. clignotants, ils s’allument aussi en meme temps que les feux de detresse
5. feux de brouillard avant
6. feux de brouillard arriere

Question 150

Answer 150

Comfort controls

1. They are used to disembark the windshield or to regulate the temperature and ventilation inside the vehicle. Central and lateral air ducts direct the air currents towards the windshield, towards the side windows and inside the vehicle.
2. aerial distribution
3. automatic air conditioning
4. heating and ventilation

Question 151

Answer 151

The dashboard: It informs, thanks to the witnesses and lights, on the use of the commands and on the parameters of the engine

1. the red is a serious alert which requires the stop and an immediate control
2. the orange yellow is a functional reminder of engine or information elements
3. the green is relative to the lights
4. Except for the traffic light that is blue and the rear fog light that is yellow orange

Question 152

Answer 152

1. water temperature
2. oil pressure
3. battery charge
4. brake fluid level
5. greenhouse park brake
6. distress lights
7. bad closing of a door
8. lack of belt buckling
9. wear brake pads
10. defrost-fogging rear window
11. fuel reserve
12. starter
13. diesel preheating

Question 153

Answer 153

1. speedometer
2. fuel level
3. oil pressure
4. rev counter
5. daily trip odometer
6. kilometers totalizer
7. cooling water temperature

Question 154

Answer 154

The shifter: It is used to manage the power that I will distribute to the wheels through the gearbox. It is located at the steering wheel or floor, and the position of the reverse (R) on the grid may vary by manufacturer. To start, I need power to overcome the inertia of the vehicle. Then, when the car is launched, the inertia is no longer to overcome. The faster I acquire speed, the less power I need.

Question 155

Answer 155

Neutral (PM) serves as a permanent break between the engine and the wheels: the engine is running but not the wheels. There is a spring between 1-2 and 3-4 and another spring between 3-4 and 5-MA to keep the lever in the dead point (PM)

Question 156

Answer 156

Be careful of the position of the hand when I operate the lever with the palm of the hand. This position, if it is right, allows you to shift gears effortlessly on the lever.

Question 157

Answer 157

1. The windows and lights must be clean, the rear window desembuee and de-iced.
2. No labels other than technical inspection and insurance stickers on the windscreen
3. At the front: position, crossing and road lights. Optional fog lights
4. At the rear: red reflective devices, reversing lights, parking lights, traffic lights and fog lights. Number plate light
5. At the front and back: turn signals and distress lights. There may be lateral repeaters.
6. Minimum gate: low beam = 30 m without dazzling; high beam = 100m
7. The steering wheel is between 9:15 and 10:10
8. I can fog the windshield with aerators and heat output
9. Luminous dials and telltales make it possible to know the speed at which I drive, the kilometers traveled, etc. The action on the controls lights up witnesses.
10. The gearshift allows you to choose the gear that will allow the car to start and then run at different speeds, depending on the power I need.

Question 158

Answer 158

Mechanics: A car consists of a hull frame and a bodywork; four wheels; an engine; and an interior layout for the comfort and safety of passasgers. Added to this are mandatory or optional accessories.

Question 159

Answer 159

Passive and active safety: Passive safety concerns everything in the vehicle that protects against shocks (bodywork structures, belts, airbag). Active safety concerns everything in the vehicle that helps to avoid the accident (ABS, AFU, ESP, ASR). The body is a skeleton comprising a virtually indeformable passenger compartment to protect passengers and deforming parts to cushion shocks in case of accident. Seat belts are used to keep passengers on their seats and gradually diffuse the violence of the impact, in order to reduce the consequences. The airbags complete the belts by cushioning and protecting the face and limbs.

Question 160

Answer 160

Transmission: This is all that allows to move the movement and power of the engine to the wheels. On some vehicles, everything is automated.

1. ABS = brake assist prevents wheel lock and allows the vehicle to be steered
2. AFU = emergency brake pressure assistance
3. ESP = trajectory corrector in case of start of skidding
4. ASR = prevents wheel slippage when accelerating on a slippery roadway.

Question 161

Answer 161

Braking: disc brakes and drum brakes: Touring vehicles are now equipped with disc brakes, assisted by an ABS (anti-lock wheel system). The ABS makes it possible to steer the vehicle while braking in urgency because the wheels do not lock. Be careful, however, it does not shorten braking distances. By operating the brake pedal, braking acts on the four wheels of the vehicle.

1. the warning light on the instrument panel indicates a loss of brake fluid level
2. after a passage in the water (puddle or cleaning), I dry the brakes using them a little in circulation, before needing to brake

Question 162

Answer 162

1. The parking brake: also called handbrake, it serves to immobilize the vehicle. It can also be used in case of failure of the main system. To do this, I pull the lever and I dose, while holding down the locking pawl
2. This witness indicates that the hand is in a tight state
3. Emergency braking: If I have to brake urgently and my vehicle does not have ABS, I press the wheel lock limit, then release the pressure slightly and press again. to the limit.

Question 163

Answer 163

The suspension: The suspension contributes to the comfort of the passengers, but also and especially to the road holding of the vehicle. Poor suspension results in longer braking distances. For a summary check, I press on an edge of the vehicle, it sinks, goes up, drops half and then returns in place. If it continues to oscillate, then the shock is defective.

The suspension is composed of a spring and a shock absorber on each wheel. The tires complete the whole.

Question 164

Answer 164

1. Tires: They ensure contact on the ground, on a surface equivalent to that of four hands. Different types of tires (brand, size, use category, structure, speed code and load capacity index) may not be fitted to the vehicle. Two new tires are prioritized on the rear axle.
2. tearing canvas, blister
3. lack of parallelism
4. pothole, sidewalk

Question 165

Answer 165

The depth of the sculptures must not be less than 1.6 mm in order to evacuate the rainwater. The wear indicators are indicated on the edge by a TWI, a traingle or a Bibendum. There must be no difference in wear of more than 5 mm between the wheels of the same axle. A used tire increases braking distances and makes aquaplaning appear earlier.

Question 166

Answer 166

1. The body has a rigid part to protect passengers and deformable parts to cushion an impact during an accident.
2. Belts and airbags protect passengers during a crash
3. The transmission is composed of a motor, a clutch, a gearbox and wheels.
4. Braking is provided by drum and disc brakes. The handbrake immobilizes the car and can act as an emergency brake.
5. The suspension consists of four dampers and springs between the bodywork and the axle.
6. Tires participate in suspension and handling
7. no tears or hernias on the sides of the tire and the depth of the scupltures is not less than 1.6mm

Question 167

Answer 167

Maintenance: Checks before starting: Every day, I make a visual inspection of the vehicle to identify any anomalies. The ride of the car:

1. to see if a tire is not deflated or creve
2. To see if the lights and glass surfaces are not deteriorated or dirty
3. to measure the space available to insure me

Question 168

Answer 168

Periodic maintenance: Every thousand kilometers, or once a month, I will control the various organs in order to be able to ensure the good condition of the vehicle and circulate safely. I level the hood- and equipped with a cloth - I will perform the following controls.

The engine oil level: The oil level controls the cold engine. On the gauge, the level must be between the two points. I add engine oil if necessary (diesel or gasoline).

Question 169

Answer 169

1. Coolant level: The level is between min and max. Attention, I open the cap only if the engine is cooled because there is risk of projection of boiling water
2. Brake fluid level: The level is between min and max. With the wear of the pads the level drops a little. If it goes down too much, I consult a specialist. Beware of leaks as there is a risk of sudden loss of braking.

Question 170

Answer 170

Tires: at least once a month, I stop in an inflation station and check the pressure with the adie of a manometer. I adjust the pressures according to the indications of the maintenance booklet (or interior door). I add 200 to 300 g (or 0.2 to 0.3 bar) if the vehicle is loaded or if I make long journeys.

Question 171

Answer 171

The control of the pressure is carried out cold. If I do it after a few miles, I do not remove pressure but I adjust by adding air. An over-inflated tire hardens comfort a little. An under-inflated tire heats up to the detachment of the tread and may explode. Consumption is increasing, braking devices are getting longer and handling is poor.

Question 172

Answer 172

1. In case of a puncture, I leave the road and I choose a hard ground to be able to use the jack:
2. I tighten the parking brake and engage a gear
3. I unblock the bolts before mounting the vehicle with the jack
4. I change the wheel
5. I lock the bolts after having lowered the vehicle. The spare wheel is located under the boot at the rear (see vehicle booklet).

A slab tire limits the speed to 80 km / h and serves to reach a repairer nearby. It is advisable to have an anti-puncture bomb.

Question 173

Answer 173

1. Windshield wipers and windshield wipers: Windshield wipers have a rubber cover. This matter wears and deteriorates with the sun and the frost. I change brooms once a year, before the bad season. I check and fill the tank (s) with windshield washer fluid. Those of the trade contain antifreeze.

Question 174

Answer 174

Battery: Most batteries are maintenance free. So I do not have to worry about it. For others, I check the level of liquid that must reach the dots, and I adjust with distilled water only. Be careful, a spark, a flame or a cigarette can provoke a strong explosion, throwing very corrosive acid on the face and the hands.

Question 175

Answer 175

It is possible to start another vehicle that has run out of battery. To do this, with special cables, I connect the positive terminals to each other then the negative terminals. I maintain the engine in medium acceleration. To disconnect, remove the negative cable and the positive cable.

Question 176

Answer 176

Belts: The motor drives various accessories using belts (alternator, pumps, etc.). I check their tension, which should not be more than one centimeter. They must not be frayed.

Question 177

Answer 177

1. Fuses: The fuses are placed in a waterproof box under the bonnet or in a dashboard housing (see vehicle booklet). They protect the vehicle from a short circuit. I replace a fusible fuse by the same one, which is of the same color. Replace it with another risk of causing a fire.
2. Bulbs: Each lamp has a specific bulb. I do not touch directly a bulb of the dipped beam and road. Fingerprints on the special glass may split it with heat and burn the bulb. I wrote the manufacturer’s booklet to know the bulb change procedure.

Question 178

Answer 178

A box of bulbs and spare fuses is advisable. When a light bulb burns, I change both, symetrically, because the other is used and will burn in turn. One bulb loses up to 50% of its lighting capacity over time.

If the blinking sound is getting louder, one of the blinker bulbs is burned out.

Question 179

Answer 179

Professionals: The periodic maintenance lists are included in a warranty booklet, which contains a complete list of mechanical, pollution and safety checks. Every 7500 to 30000 km according to the models, the oil allowing the lubrication of the engine, the air and oil filters, are to change.

Question 180

Answer 180

Vehicle cleaning: A car wash consumes much less water than at home. I will prefer this mode rather than in the street where it is forbidden. Gutters are used to collect rainwater and not wastewater.

Question 181

Answer 181

1. Glass and optical surfaces: Windows and optics are cleaned with a sponge and soapy water or with a household product. Do not use the scraping surface of the sponge as it scratches.
2. Be careful, the inside of the rear window has fragile heating resistances. I clean in the direction of the threads. The instrument panel is cleaned with a dry cloth and a product for plastics.

Question 182

Answer 182

Lubrication: Periodically I spray a little lubricating oil at the level of surges and hinges of the doors and hood. In winter, it is sometimes necessary to spray a de-icing product in the locks.

Question 183

Answer 183

1. before starting, I go around the car for a quick check
2. Periodically, I control the engine oil, the cooling water, the brake fluid.
3. I check the tire pressure once a month. I do it cold; and I never deflate if I do it hot. In charge or on long journey, I overflate from 200 to 300 g
4. Under-inflated tire risks explosion
5. To change a wheel, I choose a hard ground and a protected place. A spare slab limits the speed to 80 km / h to reach a repairer
6. I change the windshield wipers each year and I fill up the windshield wipers with detergent and antifreeze
7. Maintenance batteries are leveled with distilled water. Beware of the risk of explosion in the presence of a flame or a cigarette.
8. A movement of one centimeter of a belt is normal
9. To change a fuse, I choose the same color. To change a light bulb, I seize it with a cloth.
10. One emptying and a change of the filters are performed approximately every 7500 to 30000km

Question 184

Answer 184

Kinetic energy: Kinetic energy is a reserve of power that an object accumulates when it is in motion. This allows, for example, the ball to continue to advance when the energy that gives it this movement stops.

When I stop accelerating, the vehicle continues on its throws thanks to this kinetic energy.

Question 185

Question 186

Answer 186

The kinetic energy depends especially on the edge of speed.

Speed plays a very important role in the intensity of kinetic energy.

Question 187

Answer 187

Braking: The faster I go, the more time and distance I need to stop.

Question 188

Answer 188

Stop distance: The stop distance includes the distance traveled during the reaction time, to which I add the braking distance.

Question 189

Answer 189

Table of stopping distances on dry ground

Question 190

Answer 190

The adherence: The braking distance depends on the vehicle’s ground adhesion: that is to say the state of the road, the weather and the condition of the tires.

The rain multiplies by 2 the distanace of braking; the snow multiplies it by 7 and on the ice there is no more adherence.

Question 191

Answer 191

Think-beast:
1. To have a rough idea of the distance traveled in one second, I multiply the number of tens of the speed by 3

2. To get a rough idea of the stopping distance, I multiply the tens digit of the speed by itself.

Question 192

Answer 192

Centrifugal force: It’s the force that tends to get me out of the bend. It is the grip of the tires that keeps me in the path of the turn. If my speed is too great, I exceed the ability to grip tires and I get out of the way. The closer the turn is, the more I have to slow down.

Question 193

Answer 193

Safe negotiating a bend: To engage properly in a turn:

1. I slow down in function of the curve and the visibility on the exit
2. I widen the curve to the maximum
3. I avoid over-tightening the median line
4. I am right or in my way at the exit of the turn

Question 194

Answer 194

The violence of a shock: The violence of the shock increases with the edge of the speed. This means that a small variation in speed produces a very large difference in energy and shock force.

Everything in the vehicle has its own kinetic energy: passengers and luggage. I do not leave any object on the back beach.

Question 195

Answer 195

Brutal stop: Serious and fatal injuries, even at low speed.

Normal stopping distance: bearable by passengers.

Despite the deformations of the bodywork and the protection of the passengers by the belts and the systems of internal protection, it is the organs (brain, liver, heart, spleen, etc.) that do not resist the sudden deceleration. It is therefore very important not to exceed the speed limits, even very little, because the standards of vehicles and infrastructure are planned for them, but not above …

Question 196

Answer 196

1. The kinetic energy depends mainly on the edge of the speed
2. The braking distance varies with the edge of the speed
3. The stopping distance is the addition of the distance traveled during the reaction time and the braking distance
4. The ground adhesion varies depending on the quality of the coating, tires and weather. It has a considerable influence on the braking distance
5. The centrifugal force tends to pull the vehicle out of its cornering trajectory. It depends mainly on the speed and radius of the turn
6. The violence of a shock varies with the edge of speed. A human body can not withstand a violent deceleration.

Question 197

Answer 197

Public transport: The short journeys are very fuel consuming. Whenever possible I use public transport to reduce pollution. there are Parkings and Relais at the entrance to major cities (bus, metro, tramway)

Question 198

Answer 198

Ecoresponsible transportation:

1. Carpooling: Car pooling is the use of the same car by several people making a common trajectory, in order to offset the cost of transport and to limit pollution.
2. Carsharing: Carsharing is the principle of car sharing. A vehicle is thus offered in self-service.

Question 199

Answer 199

Ecodriving:
The pollution varies according to the behavior of the driver. Inaccurate acceleration and late braking lead to an overconsumption of 40%
1. I ride without waiting on the highest gear, without pushing the intermediate engine diets
2. I stabilize my speed without changing engine speed too much
3. I slow down rather by lifting the accelerator foot than by braking
4. I anticipate the slowdowns

I avoid driving with the windows down or with the roof open. All that increases the resistance to the area is expensive in energy: leaving an empty gallery on the roof increases by 10% consumption. Underinflation also increases fuel consumption.

Question 200

Answer 200

1. I use a bike carrier in the back rather than on the roof
2. I prefer a trailer to a gallery
3. I shut down the engine in a queue (gas station, level crossing, etc.) or in a traffic jam

Noise: On highways or highways, close to urban areas, speed reduction is also used to reduce noise from engines and tires.

Question 201

Answer 201

The mechanical interview:

1. Air conditioning is a very big consumer of energy. I prefer to ventilate and aerate before using it
2. The adjustment of carburation can only be performed by a specialist with electronic equipment.

Question 202

Answer 202

If I do the engine emptying myself, I have to dispose of the used oil in a trash where it will be recycled. It is the same for the mechanical parts used containing asbestos.

Question 203

Answer 203

Pollution peaks: In hot weather, the prefecture may impose more restrictive speed limits around big cities. This helps maintain the quality of the air. At certain peaks of pollution, the prefecture may decide to implement the differentiated traffic, during which only vehicles equipped with the critical sticker can circulate.

Question 204

Answer 204

The eco penalty
Pollution: All cars do not pollute in the same way. It goes without saying that a small cylinder will release fewer toxic products into the atmosphere than a large cylinder. It is mainly CO2 (carbon dioxide) which is the main greenhouse gas responsible for climate change.

Question 205

Answer 205

1. Polluter pays - Fuel-heavy vehicles release more carbon dioxide than other vehicles
2. Energy Label / C02 - It is mandatory and must be affixed to every new car. The label has seven different color classes and allows any potential buyer to be legibly and comparatively informed about the vehicle’s CO2 emissions.

Question 206

Answer 206

1. Small runs consume a lot of fuel, I prefer public transport
2. Energetic driving causes over consumption of 40%; a gallery of 10%. Under-inflation and air conditioning are very greedy
3. Flexible driving, in sub-low speed, saves fuel
4. I anticipate the slowdowns by identifying in advance
5. Speed limitation contributes to noise reduction
6. The technical control makes it possible to know the pollution of the engine and to then make the adjustments in a garage
7. I use the trash to get rid of oils and used parts
8. The etiquette energie makes it possible to check, before the purchase of a new vehicle, its level of consumption and pollution

Question 207

Answer 207

Administration: This title is a European administrative document on which are registered the license (s) obtained, as well as any restrictions, limitations or modifications. A periodic or punctual medical visit is sometimes required. a military license can be converted into a civilian license.

Outside Europe: It is sometimes necessary or useful to obtain a duplicate called an international permit from a prefecture or sub-prefecture. This title does not replace the original that must be shown at the same time.

Question 208

Answer 208

Automated management:
Each driver has a file on which are recorded all the events concerning:
1. Pass examinations and permits obtained
2. points lost and recovered automatically or by stage
3. Offenses (contraventions and offenses)
4. suspensions, cancellations and invalidations of the driving license
5. information of the type exchange, transformation or special conditions, as well as medical visits

This file is accessible by presenting itself personally to the prefecture, or sub-prefecture, equipped with an identity document. A printed copy of the balance of the remaining points can be obtained. No communication is carried out by telephone. The administration then issues access codes to check its balance of points on the internet. Attention, the withdrawal of points can be effective several weeks after having paid the fine. The adminstration sends a letter recommends when the capital drops to 6 points or less, to possibly provide a recovery period. When the capital is at zero, a registered letter with acknowledgment of receipt reaches the driver’s home. He must then return his license to the prefecture or the sous-prefecture within a period of ten days.

Question 209

Question 210

Answer 210

Medical examination: The permit may be subject to medical control, certain disabilities or illnesses being incompatible with driving. Following a personal injury, the prefect may request a medical examination. This medical control is systematic and periodical for certain professions (taxi, ambulance, auto-school …) or categories of license (C, D, E): every 5 years until 60 years, every 2 years until is 76 years old and audela every year. Mention is made on the driving license.

Question 211

Answer 211

Controls

1. Agents can signal me from their vehicle or from the side of the road for control. Not to stop is a refusal to obey.
2. I have to stop right for a control: it is a stop order along a sidewalk or on the shoulder
3. I am designe and must stop: it is a stop order. The agent will then tell me where to park.

Question 212

Answer 212

The documents: During this check, I must be able to present: my valid driver’s license, the registration card of the vehicle (registration certificate) and the insurance certificate. I must be up to date with the technical control. During this check, the officer can give me an alcohol test or a drug test. If I do not have the documents, I get a ticket. I must then present them within 5 days under penalty of a higher fine. In the event of loss or theft, the police station or gendarmerie will establish a form in replacement. This document is only valid for 2 months in France.

Question 213

Answer 213

1. the driving license is a European title
2. Permit B permits the driving of a vehicle with not more than 9 seats, including that of the driver, whose GVW does not exceed 3,5t
3. This vehicle can tow a trailer up to 750 kg GVWP provided that it does not exceed 3.5 t for the two additional GVWRs
4. By equivalence, license B permits the driving of vehicles of category B1 (motor tricycles and quadricycles)
5. Category B allows to drive a light motorcycle A1 after two years of driving license and a 7h training in motorcycle-school
6. During a police check, I must present the driving license, the registration certificate and the insurance certificate. If there are no documents, I have to submit them within 5 days.
7. In the event of loss or theft, a form valid for two months is issued to me by the police station or gendarmerie.

Question 214

Answer 214

Offenses and Penalties: When I do not respect a rule of the highway code, I commit an offense. The penalty is then related to the severity of it.

Contraventions: I can immediately pay the fine to the reporter (fine minoree). I can wait up to 45 days before paying by fine or internet stamp (fixed penalty). If I wait more, then it is an order to pay (fine increased). There are 5 classes of contraventions and for each one a tariff that rises according to the gravity.

Question 215

Answer 215

A new system of payment by automated telepayment or by stamp dematerialiste is from now on possible and allows to obtain 15 additional days of delay to 45 days for the payment of the fixed fine, as well as 20% of discount for any payment within 30 days .

contraventions = tickets
paiement = payment
pieton = pedestrian
amende = fine
minoree = minus
forfaitaire = inclusive
majoree = increse
amende maximum = maximum fine

c’est le proprietaire du certificat d’immatriculation qui est financierement responsable. A lui d’apporter la preuve qu’il n’etait pas au volant s’il est innocent.

it is the owner of the registration certificate who is financially responsible. It’s up to him to prove that he was not driving if he is innocent.

Question 216

Answer 216

The offenses: The offense is serious and can cost from 3500 euro to 100,000 euros and up to 10 years in prison for the most serious cases. The judge can also oblige to follow a course of road safety or to carry out works of general interest (TIG) for example

Driving license: The driving license can be suspended for a period of up to 3 years and more in case of recidivism. It can also be canceled by right, with a ban of up to 10 years in serious cases.

Question 217

Answer 217

1. stop or parking on a lane reserved for certain vehicles
2. excess speed of less than 20 km / h with maximum allowable speed of 50 km / h or less
3. excess speed of less than 20 km / h with maximum permissible speed exceeding 50 km / h
4. excess speed between 20 km / h and less than 30 km / h
5. use of a hand-held telephone (or with a headset) per driver of a vehicle in circulation
6. use of a television set, a video game console or a DVD player in a driving situation
7. Failure to respect the safety distance between two vehicles
8. excess speed between 30 km / h and less than 40 km / h
9. dangerous overtaking
10. Failure to wear seat belt (for the driver)
11. Failure to stop at red light or stop
12. excess speed between 40 km / h and less than 50 km / h
13. Driving in an alcoholic state
14. alcoholic or drunk driving or refusal to check alcoholemia
15. manslaughter by vehicle driver
16. recidivism of excess speed of 50 km / h or more

Question 218

Answer 218

Permits: the driver’s license has a captial of 12 points. Certain dangerous offenses automatically result in a suspension of the license

Probationary license: Because of their inexperience in driving, novice drivers are subject to specific speed limits and to the apposition of the disc!, During 3 years in the general case (traditional apprenticeship and supervised driving) and during 2 years. years in the framework of the Early Learning of Conduct (AAC)

Question 219

Answer 219

The permit is thus endowed with 6 points during this period, in order to weaken it in the face of eventual bad behavior. It increases each year by:

1. 2 points to 12 points for drivers who have followed the traditional apprenticeship stream
2. 3 points for drivers who have taken AAFC.

As long as you do not lose points during this period. The loss of 6 points in the first year (alcoholemia for example) invalidates the permit. A driver who loses at least 3 points in a single offense must complete a road safety training within 4 months. Warning. The alcohol offense begins at 0.10 mg per liter of air exhaled instead of 0.25 mg for other drivers.

Question 220

Answer 220

Loss of points: The loss of points is automatic, when the ticket is paid or after the judgment of the court. I then receive a notice of the number of points lost. I can not lose more than 8 points at a time for the same arrest with multiple offenses.

Question 221

Answer 221

The automatic restitution of points: If I do not lose any point during 3 years, the capital is then automatically reconstituted at 12 points. If I lose 1 point (small excess speed for example), I recover after 6 months, if I do not lose other point (s) in the meantime.

Road safety courses: I can recover a 4-point maixmum by following a 2-day voluntary road safety awareness internship. I can not attend more than one internship every year. The judge of the court may require me to follow a road safety awareness course in further pain. In this case, I do not get any points.

Question 222

Answer 222

The loss of the driving license: If I lose all my points, I receive an official letter with acknowledgment of receipt informing me, and asking me to return my license. The license is invalid. I do not have any license anymore. If I had a motorcycle license or a heavy-duty license, then I would have to go through all the categories.

Re-Pass the Driver’s License: A 6-month period is imposed before obtaining a new driver’s license. I register sooner after returning my license to the prefecture. Beforehand, I undergo at my expense a medical examination and a psychotechnical test.

Question 223

Answer 223

Temporary license:
1. I go through all the tests
Probationary license:
1. I only replay the code test (ETG), provided you do not forget to register within 9 months after the return of the license. Otherwise I also have to go over the practice for each of the licenses I have. Then I leave again with a new probationary license at 6 points, but without obligation to the disc A, nor to the speed limits of novice drivers.

Question 224

Answer 224

Insurance: An accident is very expensive and a responsible driver can not, in general, cover the costs of reimbursement. Insurance is used to compensate victims in their place.

Obligation of insurance: Civil liability insurance is mandatory. It is also strongly advised to subscribe an extension for the driver because it is not covered by the minimum insurance.

Insurance: An accident is very expensive and a responsible driver can not, in general, cover the costs of reimbursement. Insurance is used to compensate victims in their place.

The sticker must be stuck on the windshield

Question 225

Answer 225

Optional Options: I can purchase additional optional options that cover theft, fire, broken glass, legal assistance, etc. An all-risk option covers any type of accident and more particularly when the driver is the only one involved without any other user: a road exit for example.

Question 226

Answer 226

Delit of flight: Do not stop while one is involved in an accident, is a delit of flight. To this may be added another offense for non-assistance to a person in danger. Warning. In the event of an accident with the driver’s alcohol, the damage covered by the options is not reimbursed (neither the driver’s injuries nor the damage suffered by his vehicle).

Question 227

Answer 227

The amicable European report: Before completing an amicable report, I start by clearing the roadway so as not to create discomfort or over-accident. Whatever the language used on the European reports, they are ageneces in the same way, they are identical. There is no point in being angry or accusing one or the other because it will be the insurer who will do it according to a chart common to all (IRSA). The amicable report serves only to collect the facts. If there is an injury, I warn the helpers. The police will come to establish the report.

Question 228

Answer 228

1. The choice of vehicle A or B is of no importance
2. I check the box (es) corresponding to the situation
3. I note down the number of boxes
4. I draw a clear sketch of the accident, at the moment of impact
5. In my column, I show the point of shock with an arrow
6. I note the apparent damage and put reservations on what would not be visible.
7. Finally, both users sign.

I separate the two sheets and each must send his to his insurer within 5 days

Question 229

Answer 229

In the case where the other user commits a delit of flight, I fill the report with the elements that I could raise (type and mark of the vehicle, registration, etc.) and I note on the coordinates of the witnesses. Then I complain to the police station or the gendarmerie.

Question 230

Answer 230

1. If necessary, I then complete the back of my home. The amicable report is also used to declare a theft or fire. In this case, it must be shipped within two days. If a third user is involved, I then make another observation with him. It is now possible to complete an e-report.
2. Compulsory Insurance Guarantee Fund (FGAO) - It is used to compensate the victims of an accident whose author is not identified (leakage offense) or who has not taken out insurance (default). insurance). After the victims are compensated, the organization asks for reimbursement from the author of the accident.

Question 231

Answer 231

1. The contraventions contain 5 classes of gravity. The offenses include prison sentences, and additional penalties
2. The suspension of the license is often pronounced for dangerous offenses
3. The cancellation can be pronounced with a ban on returning the license
4. The driver’s license has a capital of 12 points, but only 6 points for a probationary license. I can lose up to 8 points at a time.
5. I can recover all my points by remaining - wise - for 3 years; or 4 points by doing a 2-day internship (but only one internship every year)
6. Under the probationary license, a loss of 3 points or more requires an internship
7. If I lose all my points, I must re-pass the driver’s license (after 6 months of waiting
8. Insurance is mandatory. There are optional options
9. Do not stop after being involved in an accident is a delit of flight
10. The European friendly report must be signed by the two users involved

Question 232

Answer 232

Registration:
Current plates: Since 2009, the vehicle no longer changes registration by changing owners.
We find there:
1. Left, the State
2. on the right, the logo of the region and the number of the department
3. at the center, the registration of the vehicles

Question 233

Answer 233

Old plates: The registration of the vehicle was composed of numbers, followed by letters and the number of the department.

The gray card: the gray card is now stormy. It contains the technical and adminstrative information of the vehicle.

Question 234

Answer 234

Insurance sticker: Its validity is generally one year, and remains valid one month after the deadline. I must be able to present the document called the green card to any control.

Question 235

Answer 235

Technical control: The technical control makes it possible to know the safe state of its vehicle or that one wishes to acquire of occasion. The first technical visit takes place in the 6 months preceding the fourth anniversary of the car. The following visits take place every two years. If the control is negative, the vehicle must be repaired and cons-visit within 2 months. In case of sale, the visit must not be older than 6 months.

1. identification
2. braking
3. direction
4. Visibility
5. lighting / signage
6. ground links
7. Body structure
8. equipment
9. mechanical organs
10. pollution / noise level

Question 236

Answer 236

Baggage: Inside the vehicle, baggage or bulky items must not obscure the visibility or movement of the driver. No objects on the back beach or on the ground at the front. In the trunk, I hold the objects so that they do not move during the journey.

Question 237

Answer 237

To load the gallery, three rules:

1. do not exceed the plumb before
2. do not exceed 3 m in the back, beyond one meter the load is signaled by a reflective device, complete with a red light at night.
3. Do not exceed 2.55 m in width. The objects must be fixed so as not to sweep at the back or drag on the ground.

Question 238

Answer 238

Transport of bicycles: to transport bicycles to the rear of the vehicle, be careful not to hide the plate, add one. Be careful not to hide the vehicle’s lights. If necessary, add some on the bikes.

Question 239

Answer 239

Animals: no animals in freedom in the cockpit. There are transport cages. A separation grid with the driving position can also be installed.

Question 240

Answer 240

Passengers: passengers always go up and down, if possible, on the sidewalk. Each one makes sure that he can open the door, with an attentive look towards the back. The door is opened in two stages so as not to surprise a pedestrian or a two-wheelers. I am responsible for passengers under 18 years old. I make sure they are all properly installed in their seats. No children under 10 years old unless all the backs are occupied or if there are none.

Question 241

Answer 241

1. The new plates are white on the front and back. The old plates are on a white background on the front and on a white background or yellow on the back
2. The registration card shall include the administrative and technical information of the vehicle
3. It must be changed within fifteen days in the case of a purchase to an individual
4. It must be changed or modified in the following month in case of change of address
5. The insurance sticker is placed at the bottom right of the windshield. It is valid one month after the end date of validity
6. The technical control is obligatory at the fourth anniversary of the new vehicle, then every two years
7. In case of sale, the technical control must not exceed six months of seniority
8. In the event of a serious anomaly, I must repair and present the vehicle for a counter-visit within two months.

Question 242

Answer 242

Trailer: Pay attention to the PTAC (Total Allowable Weight) of the trailer because the B or BE permits depend on it. Do not exceed the permissible gross vehicle weight (PTRA) of the towing vehicle.

Question 243

Answer 243

1. a trailer stands out at the back thanks to the two triangular red reflectorizing plates
2. A trailer has a plate, called tare, or are inscribed: the GVWR, the curb weight (HP), the useful payout (CU), the width, the length and the surface
3. 1 unique registration
4. 2 gray cards

Question 244

Answer 244

1. A trailer with a PTAC above 500 kg has its registration card and its own registration. If its size conceals the vehicle’s lights, then it must have the same rear lights as the vehicle; it is the same with a bike carrier fixed to the back. A mirror on the right is mandatory if the trailer obscures the visibility in the interior mirror. A makeshift hitch can help. In this case, I use a rigid bar.

Question 245

Answer 245

1. Permit B is sufficient for towing a trailer weighing less than 750 kg or if the sum of the PTAC is less than 3.5 tonnes
2. If the sum of the PTAC is greater than 3.5 t but not more than 4.25 t, the option B96 obtained by a 7-hour training is required. If the sum of the PTAC exceeds 4.25 t, the BE license must be passed.
3. If the trailer obscures the vehicle’s lights, the vehicle must have the same rear lights. In addition, two reflective red triangles are required
4. a trailer weighing more than 500 kg has its own registration
5. I am attentive to the various connections and attachments when I am towing a trailer
6. a trailer changes the driving conditions
7. baggage must not generate
8. The load does not exceed the plumb at the front, nor 3 m at the back