LA MS 5: Eq Foot Flashcards
Exam of the Hoof
Solar surface White line Frog Central sulcus bars Wear pattern
Frog Health
Will atrophy in severe cases
Hoof epidermal structures
Attached to internal and external surface of hoof capsule
Periople
Where hoof capsule grows from
If have injury or crack that starts at the coronary band, will affect growth of hoof capsule
Hoof Gross Exam
Look at size, shape, symmetry
Is the horse standing square with shoes on?
Hoof testers
If have shoes on, go over every nail
Angles
From front, side, back
- -plumb line down center of cannon, thru pastern, and foot
- -want half the foot in front, half the foot behind
Med/lat balance
Front/back balance
Remove shoes, clean feet
IMPORTANT perform lameness exam (if req’d) before pulling shoes
Contracted foot
Narrow foot
frog recessed
heels close together
narrow central sulcus
Front > hind, uni or bilat
Contracted foot etiology
Secondary to lameness
Induced through shoeing, dry foot
Hereditary
Contracted foot tx
Fix primary problem
Let go barefoot
Exercise
Sole bruises etiology
Poor riding surface
Thin-soled horse
Sole bruises CS
Variable lameness
Variable brushing on sole surface
Sensitivity to hoof testes
May or may not be lame on soft surface but will be lame on hard surface
Sole bruises tx
Full pads when shod
Paint sole with tincture of iodine
Corns
Bruise which has occurred at the angle of the wall and the bar
–etiology = improper shoeing, shoe left on too long, shoe too small
Abscesses
Number one reason for acute non-WB lameness!!!
IFX of sensitive lamina
Gravel: abscess drains at coronary band
Abscess Etiology
Sole trauma
Laminitis
Abscess Tx
Debride - clean and pairing out of foot, may need to block b/c so painful
Protect from contamination with bandages
RADS - check for IFX of P3
Thrush
IFX/necrosis of frog area (check sulci)
Usually sore
Etiology = poor environment (mud, wet)
Thrush TX
Change environment - use lime to dry stalls. No straw bedding
Clean feet daily
Apply topical tx - various formulations
Canker
Horn hypertrophy
Draft horse dz - hind > front
+/- Lameness if frog involved
Canker Tx
Routine foot care
Change environment
Debride - may need ax IOT debride until get down to a healthy frog
ABX
Hoof Cracks
Fissures in the hoof wall
- -not all cause problems
- -generally run parallel to the laminae
- -+/- IFX, lameness
Hoof Cracks: toe/quarter cracks
Start at bottom
Prog good
Can lead to an unstable foot
Hoof cracks: coronary cracks
Start at coronary band
Imply previous injury
Prog = poor
Hoof Crack Tx
Patch
Hoof Resection
Shoe
Seedy Toe
Widening and change in character of horn substance at the white line
Etiology:Is a sequela - not a cause in itself
–horses that have had laminitic episodes
–gap where dirt accumulates btw toe
–Also seen in flat feet broodmares
Etiology seedy toe
Torn lamina
Chronic Laminitis
Keratoma
Non-neoplastic growth of horn (inward) Usually toe region \+/- lameness Tx - needs protection! --remove affected hoof wall and debride all abN tissue
White Line Dz
IFX in separated hoof wall
Bacteria, fungus, yeast
Tx with hoof care
+/- ABX or antifungals
Dz of Collateral cartilage
Sidebones
Quittor
Sidebones
Calcification of the collateral cartilages
Rarely cause lameness
Can be one side or both
Indicate imbalanced foot or trauma - often seen in high stepping/gained horses
Quittor
Necrosis of collateral cartilages Moderate lameness Puncture --> IFX Exceptionally hard to cure Difficult to image
EXAM: how should you treat a puncture into the sole?
TREAT IT AS AN EMERGENCY!!!
Pedal Osteitis
Chronic remodeling of P3
Comparable to plantar fasciitis
Etiology: concussion, thin soles
Dx: RADS - look for uneven margin of solar aspect of P3
Tx Pedal Osteitis
Decrease Training
Sole protection - pads
Paint soles with iodine
Puncture into the sole
Puncture into palmar third of the foot is life threatening!!!
Potentially into three synovial structures at once - DDFT tendon sheath, navicular bursa, coffin joint
SX EMERGENCY!!! RAPID DEBRIDEMENT +/- BURSOSCOPY TO CLEAN OUT THE NAVICULAR BURSA (septic arthritis = life-threatening in horses)
