LA cardiomyopathies Flashcards
What happens in myocardial dysfunction in horses?
- decreased forward SV
- decreased tissue perfusion
- activation of RAAS cascade
- edema
- CHF
How do you diagnose myocardial dysfunction in horses?
- echocardiography
- systolic dysfunction
- dilated ventricular chambers
- atrial enlargement
How do you treat myocardial dysfunction in horses?
- stall rest
- nutritional supplementation (Vit E, selenium)
- treat CHF with lasix and digoxin
- antiarrhythmics
What is the prognosis for myocardial dysfunction in horses?
- typically grave is CHF develops
- some cases may improve but it depends on underlying cause
- younger animals have a better prognosis
What is the pathophysiology of myocarditis in horses?
- inflammation in myocardium disrupts normal electrical conduction
- results in myocardial dysfunction due
What are the clinical signs of myocarditis in horses?
- recent history of fever, anorexia, depression, or respiratory disease
- other vague signs such as colic, exercise intolerance, or collapse
How do you diagnose myocarditis in horses?
- difficult to diagnose!
- presume if arrhythmias, echo evidence, history of systemic illness, and elevated myocardial biomarkers
Which marker is specific for myocardial damage?
Troponin I
How do you treat myocarditis in horses?
- focus on underlying etiology if present
- antiarrhythmics
- therapy for CHF
- corticosteroids
- STALL REST!! (2 month min)
What is the prognosis for myocarditis in horses?
- if there is no myocardial dysfunction, good prognosis
- if there is myocardial dysfunction, may improve with rest and therapy
- if there’s CHF, grave prognosis
What is the most common ionophore intoxication?
monensin
What occurs with ionophore intoxication?
- myocardial degeneration, necrosis, and fibrosis
- hypotension
- arrhythmias
- systolic dysfunction
- CHF
- sudden death
How do you treat ionophore intoxication?
dump the feed!
- vitamin E supplementation
- standard heart failure medications
- stall rest for 2-3 months
What is the prognosis for ionophore intoxication?
- some horses may recover but recovery period is >15 months
- grave prognosis if there is severe systolic dysfunction, persistent arrhythmias, or CHF
Which statement on monensin is correct?
A. It enhances athletic performance in horses
B. Horses never recover from intoxication
C. Prognosis with intoxication is generally good
D. Often results in myocardial necrosis
E. All of the statements are incorrect
E. All of the statements are incorrect
