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PHTY2230 Prac Exam (Balance and Vestib) > L9a: Exercise Prescription for Muscular Fitness, Balance and Flexibility > Flashcards

L9a: Exercise Prescription for Muscular Fitness, Balance and Flexibility Flashcards

1
Q

What are 4 types of muscular training?

A
  1. Strength
  2. Power
  3. Endurance
  4. Neuromuscular Control
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2
Q

What is strength (muscular training)?

A

The ability to generate maximal force

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3
Q

What is power (muscular training)?

A

The ability to generate force quickly (strength &velocity)

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4
Q

What is endurance (muscular training)?

A

The ability to generate sustained or repeated force

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5
Q

What is neuromuscular control (muscular training)?

A

The ability to perform a skilled task with precision & accuracy

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6
Q

What are the guidelines for muscular training?

A
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7
Q

What are 3 types of muscle contraction?

A
  1. Isometric
  2. Isotonic
  3. Isokinetic
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8
Q

What are 2 chains of movements?

A
  1. Opened chained movements
  2. Closed chained movements
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9
Q

What is the type and chain movement dependent on?

A

Dependent on the severity and nature of disease or injury

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10
Q

In a patient with TKR in an older person, what type and chain of movement?

A
  1. Strengthening quadriceps –> isometric contraction
  2. Isotonic contractions
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11
Q

In a patient with symptomatic lower limb OA in an older person, what type and chain of movement?

A
  • Closed kinetic chain exercises done in weight bearing will increase joint compression of already irritable and painful joints and limit the ability to work through full ROM but are more similar to functional tasks
  • Open kinetic chain are a better option, commonly performed in non-weight bearing. But compression and load can still occur (esp. when working against gravity, controlling and supporting the weight a limb, working with external moments
  • Determine which one by clinical reasoning and patient preference, pain tolerance levels
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12
Q

What are 3 types balance and sensorimotor training?

A
  1. Static
  2. Dynamic
  3. Reactive
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13
Q

What are 4 characteristics of balance and sensorimotor training?

A
  1. Limits of stability
  2. Sensory conditions
  3. Dual Tasks; Perturbations
  4. Base of Support
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14
Q

What are 4 types of base of support?

A
  1. Wide stance
  2. Narrow stance
  3. Tandem stance
  4. Single leg stance
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15
Q

What are examples of unstable base for sensory conditions?

A
  • Unstable base –> rely on proprioceptive information
  • Care with patients with peripheral neuropathy
  • Must assess in solid firm base first
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16
Q

What are 4 types of flexibility?

A
  1. Static
  2. Contract-Relax
  3. Dynamic
  4. Ballistic
17
Q

What are the FITT principles for flexibility (recommended guidelines)?

A
  • 2-3 days/week –↑joint ROM
  • Stretch to point of tightness/ slight discomfort
  • Holding a stretch for 10-30s recommended for most adults
  • In older adults, 30-60 s hold may have greater benefit
18
Q

When is static stretching better?

A

Older

19
Q

What is the problem with dynamic and ballistic stretching sometimes?

A

Great risk of injury

20
Q

What are 2 features that occur due to natural ageing?

A
  1. Loss of extensibility in tendons and muscles
  2. Formation of osteophytes, bony spurts in the joints
21
Q

What are 5 special considerations as a result of ageing?

A
  1. Tendon Ruptures
    • ↑ collagen cross-linkages = ↑ tendon friability
  2. Neural Tension
    • Loss of extensibility in neuro-vascular sheath
    • ↓ soft tissue compliance/flexibility = stiff joints
  3. Back Pain
    • ↓ water content in intervertebral cartilage
    • Loss of flexibility and ROM
  4. Post-Menopause
    • Rapid bone loss associated with ↓ oestrogen levels
    • Influences skeleton’s ability to adapt to loading
    • ↑ Risk of osteoporosis & fractures
  5. Incontinence
    • Leakage of urine: ↑ Intra-abdominal pressure in absence of detrusor contraction
    • Lifting, walking, dancing, running, sit-to-stand, coughing, laughing
    • Restricted physical activity participation
22
Q

What occurs in tendon ruptures as a result of ageing?

A

↑ collagen cross-linkages = ↑ tendon friability

  • As tendons age, they become more stiff/less elastic
  • Higher risk of pathology and pain
  • Hormonal protective effects until post-menopause
  • Common sites —> exposed to a lot of stress –> can rupture with small force
    • Achilles tendon
    • Lateral elbow
    • Rotator cuffs
23
Q

What are 2 characteristics of neural tension as a result of ageing?

A
  1. Loss of extensibility in neuro-vascular sheath
  2. ↓ soft tissue compliance/flexibility = stiff joints
24
Q

What are 2 characteristics of back pain as a result of ageing?

A
  1. ↓ water content in intervertebral cartilage
  2. Loss of flexibility and ROM
25
Q

What are 3 characteristics of post-menopause as a result of ageing?

A
  1. Rapid bone loss associated with ↓ oestrogen levels
  2. Influences skeleton’s ability to adapt to loading
  3. ↑ Risk of osteoporosis & fractures
26
Q

What are 3 characteristics of incontinence as a result of ageing?

A
  1. Leakage of urine: ↑ Intra-abdominal pressure in absence of detrusor contraction
  2. Lifting, walking, dancing, running, sit-to-stand, coughing, laughing, Stress incontinence
  3. Restricted physical activity participation or resilience to take part in exercise program either during or outside a therapy session
27
Q

What is the Otago Exercise Program?

A
28
Q

What are 4 characteristics of the Otago Exercise Program?

A
  1. Exercises progress in difficulty
  2. Individually prescribed
  3. Delivered at home
  4. Nice example of range of exercises that can be selected for patient While not using the whole program Note: an exercise that just includes walking will not reduce falls
29
Q

What is the aim of the Otago Exercise Program?

A

Prevent and reduce falls

30
Q

What are 5 important characteristics in goal-setting for Older Adults?

A
  1. ‘Functionally relevant’
    • Participation in ADLs
    • ↑ Quality of life
    • Return to Masters sport
  2. Prevention/Adaptation
  3. SMART goals
  4. Encourage older patients to take an active role in exercise
  5. ↑ Adherence
    • Clear objectives of exercise
    • Individual vs. group exercise
    • Social interaction
31
Q

What are 3 features of functionally relevant goal setting for older adults?

A

 Participation in ADLs  ↑ Quality of life  Return to Masters sport

32
Q

What are 4 features of prevention/adaptation goal setting for older adults?

A

• Promote these key ideas rather than “resolution” • Falls • Disease progression Risk of fracture

33
Q

What is a SMART goal?

A

Specific, measurable, agreed upon, reasonable, timed

34
Q

What are 4 features to increase adherence in goal setting for older adults?

A

› Clear objectives of exercise › Individual vs. group exercise › Social interaction

PHTY2230 Prac Exam (Balance and Vestib) (12 decks)

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