L92: Cranial Nerves Flashcards
How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?
12
Name the cranial nerves.
- Olfactory
- Optic
- Oculomotor
- Trochlear
- Trigeminal
- Abducens
- Facial
- Vestibulocochlear
- Glossopharyngeal
- Vagus
- (spinal) Accessory
- Hypoglossal
What are the three functions of cranial nerves?
- Sensory;
- Motor to involuntary muscles;
- Motor to voluntary muscles.
What are the three sensory only cranial nerves?
Olfactory, optic and vestibulocochlear
OOV
What are the four mixed only cranial nerves?
Trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus
GTFV
What are the five motor cranial nerves?
Oculomotor, trochlear, abducens, accessory and hypoglossal
OTAAH
What type of cranial nerve is CNV, trigeminal?
Mixed - sensory and motor
What type of cranial nerve is CNVII, facial?
Mixed - sensory and motor
What type of cranial nerve is CNIV, glossopharyngeal?
Mixed - sensory and motor
What type of cranial nerve is CNV, vagus?
Mixed - sensory and motor
What type of cranial nerve is CNVII, hypoglossal?
Motor
What are the divisions of cranial nerve CNV, trigeminal?
- 1/a: Ophthalmic;
- 2/b: Maxillary;
- 3/c: Mandibular.
What is the function of CNV, 1?
- General sensory (touch, pain, temp.);
- Sensation from forehead and down the nose (nasal cavities too).
What is the function of CNV, 2?
- General sensory (touch, pain, temp.);
- Sensation from maxillary teeth, upper lip and maxilla area.
What is the function of CNV, 3?
- General sensory (touch, pain, temp.);
- Sensation from mandibular teeth, lower lip, sides of mandible, oral mucosa and anterior 2/3 of tongue;
- Branchial motor: muscles of mastication.
What specific branch of CNV3 innervates the mandibular teeth?
Inferior alveolar nerve
What specific branch of CNV2 innervates the maxillary teeth?
Superior alveolar nerve
Which cranial nerve goes through the parotid gland, but does not innervate it?
Facial nerve, CNVII
What is the function of CNVII, facial nerve?
- Branchial motor: muscles of expression;
- Visceral motor: P/S to submandibular and sublingual glands (and other facial glands - nose and mouth);
- Special sensory: taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue.
What is the clinical test for innervation of the facial nerve?
Raise eyebrows, screw eyes, blow out cheeks
What is the function of CNIX, glossopharyngeal nerve?
- Somatic motor: sytlopharyngeus;
- Visceral motor: P/S to parotid gland;
- Visceral sensory: parotid gland, pharynx, middle ear;
- Special sensory: posterior 1/3 of tongue;
- Somatic sensory: external ear.
What is the innervation to the major salivary glands?
- Parotid: CNIX;
- Submandibular and sublingual: CNVII.
What two cranial nerves innervate the pharynx and larynx?
CNIX and CNX
What is the function of CNX, vagus nerve?
- Somatic motor: muscles of palate, muscles of pharynx and larynx, muscles in upper 2/3 of oesophagus;
- Visceral motor: P/S to trachea, bronchi, GIT and heart;
- Visceral sensory: tongue, larynx, respiratory tract, heart, upper GI to left colic flexure;
- Special sensory: epiglottis and palate;
- General sensory.
What is the motor innervation to the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius?
CNXI, accessory nerve
What is the function of CNXII, hypoglossal nerve?
Somatic motor: muscles of tongue
What is the function of CNXII, hypoglossal nerve?
Somatic motor: muscles of tongue
except palatoglossus
What does somatic motor mean?
Not from pharyngeal arches, to voluntary
What does branchial motor mean?
From pharyngeal arches
What does visceral sensory/ motor mean?
To/ from involuntary (organs)
