L87: The Neck

Question 1

What is the superior limit of the neck?

Answer 1

Mandible and base of the skull

Question 2

What is the inferior limit of the neck?

Answer 2

Thoracic inlet

Question 3

What are the anatomical divisions of the neck?

Answer 3

• Anterior triangle;

- Posterior triangle.

Question 4

What divides the portions of the neck?

Answer 4

The sternocleidomastoid

Question 5

What is the proximal attachment of the sternocleidomastoid?

Answer 5

The mastoid process of the temporal bone

Question 6

What is the distal attachment of the sternocleidomastoid?

Answer 6

The sternum and clavicle

Question 7

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle(s)?

Answer 7

• Superior: Inferior border of the mandible;
• Lateral: Anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid;
• Medial: Midline of the neck.

Question 8

Which fascia are associated with the anterior triangle(s) of the neck?

Answer 8

• Investing fascia covers the roof;

- Visceral fascia covers the floor.

Question 9

What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?

Answer 9

• Anterior: Posterior boundary of the sternocleidomastoid;
• Posterior: Anterior border of the trapezius;
• Inferior: Middle of the clavicle.

Question 10

Which fascia are associated with the posterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 10

• Investing;

- Pre-vertebral covers the floor.

Question 11

What are the contents of the anterior triangle(s)?

Answer 11

1. Muscles;
2. Skeletal elements;
3. Glands;
4. Nerves;
5. Vessels.

Question 12

What are the three main muscles of the anterior triangle(s) of the neck?

Answer 12

• Mylohyoid (suprahyoid), floor of mouth;
• Anterior belly of diagastic (suprahyoid);
• Infrahyoid ‘strap’ muscles.

Question 13

What are the four main skeletal elements of the anterior triangle(s) of the neck?

Answer 13

• Thyroid cartilage;
• Cricoid cartilage;
• Hyoid bone;
• Trachea.

(TTCH)

Question 14

Which cartilage of the neck gives rise to the Adam’s apple feature of the neck?

Answer 14

Thyroid cartilage

Question 15

What are the three main glands of the anterior triangle(s) of the neck?

Answer 15

• Thyroid gland;
• Parathyroid glands;
• Submandibular glands.

Question 16

What kind of gland is the thyroid gland?

Answer 16

Endocrine

Question 17

What is the blood supply to the thyroid gland?

Answer 17

• Superior (external carotid) artery;

- Inferior thyroid (thyrocervical trunk) arteries.

Question 18

What is the name of the tissue that connects the left and right lobe of the thyroid?

Answer 18

Isthmus

Question 19

What is the typical number of parathyroid gland?

Answer 19

4 (2 x superior, 2 x inferior)

Question 20

What is the main function of parathyroid glands?

Answer 20

Maintain blood calcium (increase it when low)

Question 21

What kind of gland is the submandibular gland?

Answer 21

Salivary

Question 22

What kind of secretions does the submandibular gland produce?

Answer 22

Mixed - Mucous and serous

Question 23

Which nerves pass through the anterior triangle(s) of the neck?

Answer 23

• Vagus (CNX);
• Phrenic (C3-5);
• Hypoglossal (CNXII).

Question 24

What is the blood supply to the neck?

Answer 24

• Common carotid artery;

- Jugular veins.

Question 25

Which blood vessel supplies the brain?

Answer 25

• Internal carotid artery (80%);

- Vertebral artery (20%).

Question 26

What are the contents of the posterior triangle?

Answer 26

1. Nerves;
2. Muscles;
3. Vessels;
4. Lymph Nodes.

Question 27

Which nerves pass through the posterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 27

• Accessory (CNXI);
• Brachial plexus;
• Cutaneous cervical nerves.

Question 28

What are the main functions of lymph nodes?

Answer 28

• Filter lymph;

- Offer defence against the spread of infection (support immune response).