L87: The Neck Flashcards
What is the superior limit of the neck?
Mandible and base of the skull
What is the inferior limit of the neck?
Thoracic inlet
What are the anatomical divisions of the neck?
- Anterior triangle;
- Posterior triangle.
What divides the portions of the neck?
The sternocleidomastoid
What is the proximal attachment of the sternocleidomastoid?
The mastoid process of the temporal bone
What is the distal attachment of the sternocleidomastoid?
The sternum and clavicle
What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle(s)?
- Superior: Inferior border of the mandible;
- Lateral: Anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid;
- Medial: Midline of the neck.
Which fascia are associated with the anterior triangle(s) of the neck?
- Investing fascia covers the roof;
- Visceral fascia covers the floor.
What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?
- Anterior: Posterior boundary of the sternocleidomastoid;
- Posterior: Anterior border of the trapezius;
- Inferior: Middle of the clavicle.
Which fascia are associated with the posterior triangle of the neck?
- Investing;
- Pre-vertebral covers the floor.
What are the contents of the anterior triangle(s)?
- Muscles;
- Skeletal elements;
- Glands;
- Nerves;
- Vessels.
What are the three main muscles of the anterior triangle(s) of the neck?
- Mylohyoid (suprahyoid), floor of mouth;
- Anterior belly of diagastic (suprahyoid);
- Infrahyoid ‘strap’ muscles.
What are the four main skeletal elements of the anterior triangle(s) of the neck?
- Thyroid cartilage;
- Cricoid cartilage;
- Hyoid bone;
- Trachea.
(TTCH)
Which cartilage of the neck gives rise to the Adam’s apple feature of the neck?
Thyroid cartilage
What are the three main glands of the anterior triangle(s) of the neck?
- Thyroid gland;
- Parathyroid glands;
- Submandibular glands.
What kind of gland is the thyroid gland?
Endocrine
What is the blood supply to the thyroid gland?
- Superior (external carotid) artery;
- Inferior thyroid (thyrocervical trunk) arteries.
What is the name of the tissue that connects the left and right lobe of the thyroid?
Isthmus
What is the typical number of parathyroid gland?
4 (2 x superior, 2 x inferior)
What is the main function of parathyroid glands?
Maintain blood calcium (increase it when low)
What kind of gland is the submandibular gland?
Salivary
What kind of secretions does the submandibular gland produce?
Mixed - Mucous and serous
Which nerves pass through the anterior triangle(s) of the neck?
- Vagus (CNX);
- Phrenic (C3-5);
- Hypoglossal (CNXII).
What is the blood supply to the neck?
- Common carotid artery;
- Jugular veins.
Which blood vessel supplies the brain?
- Internal carotid artery (80%);
- Vertebral artery (20%).
What are the contents of the posterior triangle?
- Nerves;
- Muscles;
- Vessels;
- Lymph Nodes.
Which nerves pass through the posterior triangle of the neck?
- Accessory (CNXI);
- Brachial plexus;
- Cutaneous cervical nerves.
What are the main functions of lymph nodes?
- Filter lymph;
- Offer defence against the spread of infection (support immune response).
