Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Zoo Animal Management > L9 + L10 - Primate Husbandry > Flashcards

L9 + L10 - Primate Husbandry Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 suborders of primate?

A
  1. Strepsirhines

2. Haplorrhines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where do the 2 suborders of primates live?

A
  1. Strepsirhines - Africa, Madagascar and tropical Asia

2. Haplorrhines - across the tropics, not Madagascar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the physical characteristics of Strepsirhines

A
  • large eyes and ears
  • predominantly nocturnal
  • smallest brains of primate order
  • acute sense of smell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe why the Strepsirhines have an acute sense of smell

A

They have a Rhinarium (a wet nose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Give 3 Strepsirhines species

A
  • lemurs of Madagascar
  • Gallegos (bush babies) and pottos from Africa
  • Lorises from India and southeast Asia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Give 3 characteristics of Haplorrhines

A
  • mainly diurnal
  • majority have tails
  • sexual cycles and specialised placental structures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Give 3 Haplorrhine species

A

New World Monkeys
Old World Monkeys
Apes
Humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Give 4 differences between humans and primates

A

Bipedalism - difference in joints; feet, knee, spine, pelvis

Skull - jaw, cranium shape, exit point of the spinal cord

Social structure

Complexity of cognition and use of technology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 4 types of primate diet?

A
  1. Gummivorous - gum
  2. Frugivorous - fruit
  3. Insectivorous - insects
  4. Folivorous - leaves

Most are a combination of 2 of these

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Give digestive tract adaptions Frugivorous primates have, and give 3 example primates

A

Cellulose digested by bacteria and primates absorb the products - this can be in the stomach, as a foregut or hindgut fermenter

Gut can play a role in tackling toxins from poisonous plants

Wide incisors from scraping flesh from fruit

Colbine and Vervet monkeys, sportive lemurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Give digestive tract adaptions Insectivorous primates have, and give an example primate

A

Shorter GI tracts, pointy cusps on the teeth for breaking through the insect skeletons

Golden pottos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Give digestive tract adaptions Gummivorous primates have, and give an example primate

A

Enlarged and adapted incisors o gouge holes into tree bark, to allow sap to drain out

Pygmy marmoset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Give 3 benefits of using chopped food

A

Enables individuals to obtain enough food, and reduces aggression

Prevents wastage caused by animals taking 1 bite and discarding the rest

It enables a wider scatter feed to encourage foraging behaviour and prolong feeding time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Give 4 disadvantages of using chopped food

A

Chopping food takes time and effort that could be targeting elsewhere - enrichment

Increased risk of bacterial contamination

Increased rate of nutrient loss

Leaving food whole may allow the animals to express more natural feeding behaviour and increased food processing time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

‘Chopped food allows all animals to obtain a fair share of food and reduces aggression’

What does research show about this statement?

A
  • subordinate females ate more food when left whole
  • may be as easier to aware fewer larger pieces
  • diversity didn’t change
  • aggression was unchanged in terms of food
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

‘Chopping food allows a wider scatter feed to promote foraging behaviour and prolong feeding time

A
  • feeding time and foraging tended to be longer when food left whole
  • not statistically different between the 2
17
Q

‘Chopping food prevents wastage’

A
  • both species there was very little uneaten food in any condition, didn’t affect wastage amount
  • increased time, contamination and nutrient loss
18
Q

After all the studies, what is the consensus on chopping food vs. whole food?

A

Food shouldn’t be chopped, as it takes too much time, risks contamination and there is nutrient loss, as well as having on proven advantage

Food is only chopped when needed, such as young animals or individuals with poor dentition, or a certain enrichment exercise

19
Q

What are the cons of a sterile environment?

A
  1. little stimulation
  2. animals cannot exhibit natural behaviours
  3. feed availably freely
  4. little shelter from the public
20
Q

Describe the changes form the old system to the new system of housing primates

A
  1. Substrate - biofloor - foraging, reduces falling injury and sustainable (3-4 years) ALSO increases immunity
  2. freely hanging/moving branches to climb on
  3. hideaways from the public
  4. not sterile
  5. ability to scent and mark
21
Q

What kind of primates can you have a free ranging enclosure for, and how would it work?

A

Only Callitrichidaie

  • allowed in UK legislation
  • small home nest/haunt
  • BNC and Knowlesy are great examples
22
Q

What should the lighting in a primate enclosure be like?

A

Mimic that of where the monkey is from

If inside, UV must be supplied

23
Q

What temperatures averagely should you keep each at?

a) Callitrichidaie
b) Lemuridae

A

a) approximately 18 degrees inside
- basking light to warm up if cold outside
- restrict outside if below 5 degrees
- 60% humidity - low humidity can lead to alopecia

b) 18-24 degrees inside
- basking areas required
- restricted access to outside if cold, but more resilient
- 50-60% humidity

24
Q

How many others should primates be housed with?

A

Primates are social animals therefore should be housed in groups no solitary

Occasionally aggressive primates will be housed alone

25
Q

How would you integrate primates together?

A

Integration:

  • can be dangerous as can be defensive and territorial
  • not a lot of space in captivity
  • careful plan needed:

assess both groups, olfactory and audio contact first, supervised access, if encounters friendly then can be left

26
Q

Why do primates need large amounts of enrichment?

A

They have the largest brains to body mass ratio therefore strong minds get ‘bored’ easily

27
Q

Give 5 examples of stereotypical behaviour shown by primates

A
  1. stereotyped movements - pacing
  2. self mutilation - self biting
  3. deviant sexual behaviour - self directed
  4. abnormal maternal care
  5. abnormal feeding behaviour
28
Q

Give 5 types of enrichment for primates

A
  1. Physical
  2. Cognitive
  3. Social
  4. Sensory
  5. Enrichment through feeding
29
Q

Give examples of physical enrichment

A

Enclosure design

  • Hanging branches
  • large as possible
  • substrate appropriate

Novelty objects

30
Q

Give examples of cognitive enrichment

A

puzzles or tasks - puzzle to get food
training
making animals ‘work’ for their food

31
Q

Give examples of social enrichment

A

mixed exhibits provide more interactions

also other species - there in natural habitat

32
Q

Give examples of sensory enrichment

A

Sight, smell and sound

Sound of another troop - howler monkey example, cotton top tamarin example

33
Q

Give examples of enrichment through feeding

A

Presentation of feed
Seasonality - mimicking the wild
Browse feeding
Scatter feeding

Always take out of the normal daily diet the feed used for enrichment

Zoo Animal Management (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions