L1 - History of Zoos Flashcards
What are the 5 stages of Zoo Development?
- Prehistoric (early Neolithic)
- Paradeisos Period - from 1150BC
- Menagerie Period - Middle Ages
- Classic Zoo Period - 19th Century
- Modern Zoological Park - 20th Century
Who founded the idea of modern zoological parks and what idea did he promote?
Carl Hagenbeck - he promoted the idea of animals showing natural behaviour
When was the Zoological Society of London founded?
1826, and London Zoo was created in regent park
Who did London Zoo originally open to? When was it open to the public?
Originally it was only open to fellows of the society and their guests (except black market)
It was only because of rising costs and public perception that it was opened to the public in 1847
Describe the changes to Zoos Carl Hagenbeck made when he designed his own Zoo
In 1900 he started to set out his own vision of what he though a zoo would look like:
- created moats, hedges, rocks, winding paths - a zoo with no barriers or cages
- created something far larger, more in depth, more natural and made mixed exhibits and habitats
- animals displayed as would be in the wild not taxonomically
What were Zoos reaction to Carl Hagenbecks ideas?
Initially they dismissed them thinking the exhibits were too far away from the visitors.
The idea only caught on in 1960s when most zoos had at least 1 naturalistic exhibit
What kind of enclosure design did the modernist and romanticism movement cause?
Along with advances in medicine, and the idea that form follows function = lots of concrete.
|The art scene infiltrated zoo design leading to hard simple lines (modernism) - exhibits that looked more like sculptures than habitats
Describe the Chimp Tea Party
- Started in 1926
- chimps dressed in clothes, and were served out of teapots
- only young juvenile chimps were used as adults are too dangerous
- it finished in 1972
Why did the Chimp Tea Parties finish?
- overwhelming public opinion
- lack of orphaned chimps coming into captivity
- difficulty to reintroduce the tea part chimps into other chimp group after their partying days
- Ricky the chimp is the only surviving chimp
What are the 2 main functions of Zoos today?
- Conservation
- Education
- more than 80% of collections use animals for education purposes
- more than 90% of zoos have keeper talks
- more than 70% have school outreach programmes
What is the BIAZA members survey?
Annually, member zoos complete an exhaustive questionnaire to allow the organisation to see how their members are doing and how they’re meeting membership requirements
What is an Unzoo?
Where animals and humans collaborate mutualistically. Observing nature as it happens
Give 3 examples of Unzoos
- Penguin parade near Melbourne - people pay admission to watch wild penguins come ashore nightly with proceeds going to penguin protection and research
- Swim with wild dolphin programs and whale watching tours support cetacean conservation through first hand recruitment of dolphin lovers
- Wild platypuses are regularly observed by patrons in a Tasmanian riverside beer garden
Give an example of an Unzoo outside of the lecture notes
Tasmanian Devil Unzoo
- has no formal boundaries
- as you explore our Tasmanian Native Botanic Garden, you may also encounter our visiting wildlife. - Keep watch for foraging echidnas, bandicoots, wombats or the elusive antechinus as you walk
How should future unzoos/wildlife reserves care for their animals?
Future zoos could condition free-ranging wildlife to be active contributors to positive “nature” experiences.
They should still maintain the same level of care for free ranging species they provide for collection animals
