L9 - drugs affecting parasympathetic nervous system

Question 1

where do parasympathetic nerves leave the spinal chord

Answer 1

medullary and sacral regions

Question 2

what effectors does the medullary outflow lead to

Answer 2

eyes, airways, salivary glands, heart, gastro-intestinal tract

Question 3

what effectors does the sacral outflow lead to

Answer 3

bladder, reproductive organs, large intestine

Question 4

what neurotransmitter is released at the ganglia and neuroeffector junctions in parasympathetic nerves

Answer 4

acetylcholine

Question 5

what receptors are active at the ganglia of a parasympathetic nerve

Answer 5

nicotinic

Question 6

what receptors are active at the neuroeffector junction of a parasympathetic nerve

Answer 6

muscarinic

Question 7

what part of the spinal chord so sympathetic nerves leave

Answer 7

thoracic and lumbar regions

Question 8

what neurotransmitter acts where in sympathetic nervous system

Answer 8

ganglia - ACh
adrenal medulla - ACh
neuroeffector junction - noradrenaline (apart from sweat glands [ACh])

Question 9

what receptors are acted on and where in the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 9

ganglia and adrenal medulla - nicotinic
sweat glands - muscarinic
neuroeffector - alpha and beta

Question 10

effect of SNS on gastro intestinal tract

Answer 10

-decrease in GI motility
-constriction of sphincter muscles

Question 11

difference in structure between ganglionic and muscle nicotinic receptors

Answer 11

ganglionic - ⍺⍺βββ
muscle - ⍺⍺βεσ

Question 12

competitive antagonist at ganglionic nicotinic receptor

Answer 12

trimetaphan

Question 13

what muscarinic receptor type mediates most PSNS effects

Answer 13

M3
notable exceptions: gastric acid secretion M1
slowing of heart rate M2

Question 14

muscarinic receptor againsts

Answer 14

pilocarpine, bethanacol

Question 15

what is atropine

Answer 15

muscarinic antagonist from deadly nightshade plant. early cosmetic medicine. juice of berries to dilate pupils.