L8 (week 9): Language in the brain

Question 1

What does ‘language complexity’ refer to?

S, V & G

Answer 1

Sounds, vocabulary and grammar.

Question 2

What is Aphasia?

Type of disorder/caused by

Answer 2

A speaking and listening disorder commonly caused by a stroke.

Question 3

What are the symptoms and where are the lesions located in regards to Broca’s aphasia?

What is speech like? Do they use grammar? Can they comprehend? where in brain is it located?

Answer 3

Symptoms include; Slow and effortful speech production, non-fluency, omission of grammatical markers.
Comprehension is unaffected.
Caused by damage to the Broca’s area in the left frontal lobe.

Question 4

What are the symptoms and where are the lesions located in regards to Wernicke’s aphasia?

What is speech like? what kind of words do they use? Can they comprehend? where in brain is it located?

Answer 4

Symptoms include; Relatively fluent speech, creation of new words (neologisms), function words sometimes used appropriately but nouns and verbs missing or replaced by neologisms.
Sever comprehension deficits.
Caused by damage to the Wernicke’s area in the left temporal lobe.

Question 5

Where is the Broca’s area and what are it’s 3 main functions?

Left or right hemisphere? Which lobe?

Answer 5

It’s located in the left hemisphere of the frontal lobe and is respobsible for speech production, facial neuron control and language processing.

Question 6

Where is the Wernicke’s area and what are it’s functions?

Left or right hemisphere? Which lobe?

Answer 6

It is located in the left hemisphere of the temporal lobe and assists with understanding speech and controlling the muscles associated with speech.

Question 7

What is expressive aphasia?

same as…

Answer 7

Same as Broca’s aphasia; where people can’t find hte right words but know what they want to say.

Question 8

What is receptive aphasia?

same as…

Answer 8

Same as Wernicke’s aphasia; Where people struggle to understand written and spoken language.

Question 9

What is Paraphasia?

type of error

Answer 9

A type of language output error commonly associated with aphasia.

Question 10

For heard words what is the pathway through the brain as stated in the Wernicke-Geshwind model?

which cortex? What 2 main areas? which cortex now?

Answer 10

Heard word
V
Auditory cortex
V
Wernickes area
V
Broca’s area
V
Motor cortex
V
Speech

Question 11

For seen words what is the pathway through the brain as stated in the Wernicke-Geshwind model?

which cortex? Which gyrus? Which 2 main areas? Which cortex?

Answer 11

seen word
V
visual cortex
V
Angular gyrus
V
Wernickes area
V
Broca’s area
V
Motor cortex
V
Speech

Question 12

What is the angular gyrus and where is it located?

Which pathway? processes what? Where located?

Answer 12

Part of the pathway from the visual cortex that helps to process seen words, located in the Wernicke’s area in the temporal lobe.

Question 13

What is the Arcuate fasciculus and what is it’s main function?

Answer 13

A bundle of axons that connects the temporal cortex and parietal cortex to locations in the frontal lobe. Mainly it connects the Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas to eachother.

Question 14

What is conduction aphasia?

Answer 14

A language disorder characterized by selective defect of oral repetition of words or sentences in the presence of relative preservation of auditory comprehension.

Question 15

What is word blindness?

Answer 15

Inability to understand written words.

Question 16

What is word deafness?

Answer 16

the inability to understand spoken words.

Question 17

What is the planum temporale?

AKA? symmetry? how does this happen?

Answer 17

AKA Wernicke’s area is the most asymmetric part of the brain, larger on the left by nearly 65% (we are born like this).

Question 18

What is Hemispheric specialization?

Answer 18

The differential role of the left or right brain side in processing a specific neuronal task or behavior.

Question 19

What is prosody and where is it located?

I, E and R to convey BLANK in speech.

Answer 19

Prosody refers to use of intonation, emphasis and rhythm to convey meaning in speech. It is located in the right hemisphere.

Question 20

What is the right visual field and right ear advantages?

Answer 20

A better performance for stimuli presented in the right compared to the left ear and visual field.

Question 21

What is the Wada technique?

what and where is it injected? Which hemisphere? what does it help with?

Answer 21

Where a fast-acting anaesthetic is injected into the carotid artery supplying blood to the left hemisphere, used to help neurosurgeons and determine cause of seizures.

Question 22

What are the symptons and location of the lesion in split brain patients?

Answer 22

Split-brain syndrome AKA callosal disconnection syndrome is a condition involving a cluster of neurological abnormalities caused by partial or complete severing or lesioning of the corpus callosum.