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PSY4003 Biological bases of behaviour > L3: The brain > Flashcards

L3: The brain Flashcards

1
Q

What is the CNS?

A

The central nervous system, contains brain and the spinal cord.

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2
Q

What is white matter?

A

Axons (nerve cell tails).

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3
Q

What is gray matter?

A

Dendrites (nerve cell bodies).

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4
Q

What is the cortex and what is it made up of?

A

Outer layer of the brain, contains Gyri, Sulci & Fissures.

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5
Q

What are Gyri, Sulci and Fissures?

A

Gyri/Gyrus: Folds in the brain
Sulci/Sulcus: Grooves in the brain
Fissures: Deep Grooves

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6
Q

What are the main functions of the Frontal lobe?

A

Attention, planning, decision making, emotion regulation and Language.

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7
Q

What are the main functions of the Parietal lobe?

A

Attention, spatial perception and number processing.

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8
Q

What are the main functions of the Temporal lobe?

A

Audition, Language and memory.

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9
Q

What are the main functions of the Occipital lobe?

A

Visual cortex (vision).

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10
Q

What is the Corpus Callosum?

A

A cortical tract that connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain.

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11
Q

What is the top area of the brain referred to as?

A

Dorsal/Superior.

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12
Q

What is the bottom area of the brain referred to as?

A

Ventral/Inferior.

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13
Q

What is the front area of the brain referred to as?

A

Rostral/Anterior.

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14
Q

What is the back area of the brain referred to as?

A

Caudal/Posterior.

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15
Q

What are the three cross-sections that can be taken of the brain?

A

Coronal, Sagittal and Horizontal (axial).

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16
Q

What is a Coronal Cross-section?

A

Vertical slice (dorsal through ventral) down the middle of the brain width ways.

17
Q

What is a Sagittal cross-section?

A

Vertical slice (dorsal through ventral) down the middle of the brain lengthways.

18
Q

What is a Horizontal (axial) cross-section?

A

A horizontal slice through the middle of the brain.

19
Q

What are the Meninges?

A

The three layers of membrane that protects the brain and the spinal cord.

20
Q

What are the 3 Meninges from outer to inner?

A

1) Dura Matter (outer)
2) Arachnoid membrane (middle)
3) Pia matter (inner)

21
Q

What are the main functions of the Midbrain?

A

Helps to regulate movement and process auditory and visual information.

22
Q

What is Colliculi?

A

Small swellings on the roof of the midbrain, superior colliculi (vision) and inferior colliculi (auditory).

23
Q

What are the main functions of the Hindbrain?

A

Containing the Cerebellum, Pons and Medulla oblongata, it regulates autonomic functions such as breathing and heart rate. Also helps with motor control.

24
Q

What are Ventricles?

A

Chambers in the brain filled with CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) that work as shock absorbers and provide nutrition.

25
Q

What key parts of the brain are contained within the Forebrain?

A

The Telencephalon and the Diencephalon.

26
Q

What is the main function of the Telencephalon and what does it contain?

A

Controls almost all voluntary movement, contains Basal ganglia, Limbic system and the Cortex.

27
Q

What is the main function of the Diencephalon and what does it contain?

A

It’s the primary relay and processing center for sensory information and autonomic control. It contains the Thalamus and Hypothalamus.

28
Q

What does the Basal ganglia do?

A

Responsible for voluntary motor control, learning and memory. Contains head and tail of the caudate nucleus and the Putamen.

29
Q

What disorders are associated with the Basal ganglia?

A

Parkinson’s disease and Tourette’s syndrome.

30
Q

What does the Limbic system contain and what are its main functions?

A

Responsible for emotional responses, memory and learning. Contains Hippocampus, Cingulate Cortex and the Amygdala.

31
Q

What are the main functions of the Cerebellum?

A

Located in the hindbrain, it’s responsible for central regulation of movement, posture, balance and motor-learning. Also known as the “little brain”.

32
Q

What is a group of cell bodies called in the PNS and the CNS?

A

PNS: ganglion
CNS: Nucleus

33
Q

What is a bundle of axons called in PNS and the CNS?

A

PNS: nerves
CNS: tract

PSY4003 Biological bases of behaviour (12 decks)

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