L8 Parental Care

Question 1

parental care is behavior that facilitates…

Answer 1

offspring growth, development, and/or survivorship after fertilization

Question 2

3 types of parental care

Answer 2

1) maternal
2) paternal
3) alloparental (non-parent)

Question 3

ultimate goal of parental care

Answer 3

support offspring until they reach reproductive age

Question 4

direct parental care (interactions with young)

Answer 4

• incubation / thermoregulation
• retrieval
• food provisioning
• pregnancy and lactation

Question 5

indirect parental care (not a direct interaction with young)

Answer 5

• nest building
• defense

Question 6

parental investment

Answer 6

time and energy invested in the production and care of offspring

Question 7

parental investment is subdivided into…

Answer 7

mating effort and parental care

Question 8

mating system 4 classifications

Answer 8

1) monogamy - biparental care
2) polygyny - maternal care
3) polyandry - paternal care
4) promiscuity - absence of parental care

Question 9

parental care evolves when…

Answer 9

the fitness benefit to the offspring is greater than the fitness costs to the parents

Question 10

expression of parental behavior generally correlates with…

Answer 10

offspring age and development

Question 11

altricial

Answer 11

immature offspring requiring significant parental care

Question 12

precocial

Answer 12

offspring is more mobile and independent after birth

Question 13

internally fertilizing species mostly show what kind of care?

Answer 13

maternal or biparental care

Question 14

parental care of externally fertilizing species varies depending on…

Answer 14

which sex can escape first