L12 Stress Flashcards
stress
the consequences of experiencing a stressor
stressor
disruption to physiological balance or homeostasis
stress response
adaptive suite of physiological and behavioral responses that help reestablish homeostasis
short term stress response is…
adaptive - “fight or flight”
long-term (chronic) stress is…
maladaptive
hypothalamus releases…
corticotropin-releasing hormone
pituitary receives CRH and releases…
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
ACTH targets adrenal glands and causes release of what 2 hormone types?
catecholamines, glucocorticoids
catecholamines
peptides released from adrenal medulla
2 catecholamines
epinephrine, norepinephrine
effects of catecholamines in stress response
increases heart rate, respiration, blood flow to brain and skeletal muscles
catecholamines triggers release of…
endorphins which decrease pain perception and inflammatory response
glucocorticoids
steroid hormones released from adrenal cortex
2 glucocorticoids
corticosterone, cortisol
glucocorticoids increase release of…
stored glucose (glycogen)
effects of glucocorticoids in stress response
increased alertness, fear, anxiety, vigilance, focus, memory, and learning
what is produced by the posterior pituitary during stress response?
vasopressin (AVP) or antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
AVP increases…
water retention by kidneys
AVP allows blank during blood loss
survival
maternal stress can affect…
offspring in utero
maternal care after birth can reduce…
stress response
during migration, induced stress response in birds causes…
avoidance of dangerous weather
glucocorticoid levels vary with…
social status - some animals have higher, lower, or equal glucocorticoid levels depending on if they’re dominant or subordinate
stress response is affected by social…
structure / hierarchy
