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MICR2221 - Medical Immunology > L8 - Mosquito Borne Pathogens > Flashcards

L8 - Mosquito Borne Pathogens Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is another name for mosquito-borne viruses?

A

Arboviruses

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2
Q

Wha are mosquito-borne parasites?

A

Malaria

Plasmodium

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3
Q

How can pathogens be inoculated at mosquito bites?

A

deposit saliva and virus

have to start replication before immune response to bite and pathogen

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4
Q

Why have arbovruses increased?

A

GLOBALISATION -water in tyres on ships

CLIMATE CHANGE

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5
Q

What are the 2 main Aedes mosquitos?

A 
Aedes aegypti
Aedes albopictus (asian tiger)
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6
Q

What do mosquitos do that makes them effective disease spreaders?

A

bite many times

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7
Q

What are some human arboviruses?

A

Dengue

Chikungunya

Zika

Yellow Fever

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8
Q

What are some animal arboviruses?

A

BTV

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9
Q

Do arboviruses need to replicate to high levels in the blood?

A

YES

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10
Q

How do RNA genomes of arboviruses replicate in the cytoplasm?

A

receptor-mediated endocytosis

acidic pH mechanism for virus material entry

genome looks like cellular mRNA

replicate

translate into polyprotein

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11
Q

What is dengue fever?

A

spread by Aedes

body pain basically everywhere

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12
Q

When do complications with dengue fever occur?

A

infected SECOND time with DIFFERENT SEROTYPE

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13
Q

what is severe dengue?

A

sudden haemorrhagic fever

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14
Q

What is Zika?

A

infect developing CNS

GBS

microcephaly

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15
Q

What is chikungunya?

A

severe pain in joints and muscles

re-emerging virus

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16
Q

How is the immune response in the skin helpful for arboviruses?

A

innate immune response to pathogen

activation of antigen presentation

17
Q

What part of the virus do PRRs recognise?

A

unique
common to viruses
essential for life cycle

18
Q

What are 2 main PRR families?

A

TLRs - cell surface, endosome

RLRs - cytoplasm

19
Q

What is the issue with dengue and the immune response?

A

when reinfected with diff. type, blood vessels haemorrhage

virus igG complex is eaten by phagocytes and infects phagocytes

20
Q

What is the immune response to arboviruses?

A

Type 1 IFN stops virus replicating

adaptive immunity can clear infection

21
Q

What mosquito spreads malaria?

A

anopheles mosquitos

22
Q

What happens when infected with Malaria?

A

fever

can progress to anaemia

23
Q

What are therapies for Malaria?

A

artemisinin-based

24
Q

What are immune responses to Malaria?

A

adaptive immune responses - Th1, CD8 and IgG

Malaria has variant surface antigens - immune system plays catch up

MICR2221 - Medical Immunology (16 decks)

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