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Anatomy II: Exam 1 > L8: Knee & Popliteal Fossa > Flashcards

L8: Knee & Popliteal Fossa Flashcards

1
Q

fibular/lateral collateral ligament LCL — attachments

A

prox – lat epicondyle of femur

distal — lat aspect of fibular head

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2
Q

characteristics of LCL

A

splits tendon of biceps femoris into 2 parts

runs superior to tendon of popliteus muscle

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3
Q

tendon of popliteus muscle separates ?

A

LCL from lateral menicus

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4
Q

tibial/medial collateral ligament MCL — attachments

A

prox — medial epicondyle of femur

distal — prox tibia

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5
Q

characteristics of MCL

A

midpoint of MCL attaches to medial meniscus

weaker than LCL
more commonly damaged

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6
Q

oblique popliteal ligament – attachments

A

prox — lat femoral condyle

distal — post medial tibial condyle

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7
Q

arcuate popliteal lig — attachments

A

prox —- oblique popliteal lig

distal — posterior to fibular head

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8
Q

anterior cruciate lig ACL — attachments

A

prox — posterior, medial side of lateral condyle of femur

distal — ant intercondylar area of tibia

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9
Q

actions of ACL

A

limits post rolling of femoral condyles

prevents post displacement of femur on tibia

slack during flex
taut during ext

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10
Q

ACL characteristics

A

weaker than PCL

poor blood supply

cannot regenerate on its own

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11
Q

posterior cruciate ligament PCL — attachments

A

prox — anterior part of lateral surface of medial condyle of femur

distal — posterior intercondylar area of tibia

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12
Q

PCL actions

A

AL bundle — tightens during flexion

PL bundle — tightens during extensions

stronger than ACL
prevents hyperflexion

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13
Q

PCL is broken down into 2 bundles on the posterior aspect

A

anterolateral bundle
(more medial)

posterolateral bundle

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14
Q

transverse ligament of knee

A

extends across anterior intercodylar area connecting anterior aspects of menisci

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15
Q

unhappy triad of O-donoghue

A

simultaneous tears of
ACL
MCL
medial meniscus

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16
Q

knee joint

A

tibiofemoral jt

modified hinge jt

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17
Q

articulating surfaces of the knee joint

A

femoral condyles

tibial plateaus

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18
Q

femoral condyles

A

convex
asymmetric
medial is larger

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19
Q

what separates the femoral condyles

A

anteriorly by patellar surface

posteriorly by intercondylar fossa

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20
Q

patellar surface

A

asymmetric
shallow
saddle shaped groove

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21
Q

tibial plateaus

A

concave
asymmetric
medial is 50% larger

separated by intercondylar tubercles

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22
Q

define menisci

A

wedge-shaped fibrocartilage discs

ends = horns

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23
Q

horns of menisci attach to

A

tibial intercondylar tubercles

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24
Q

coronary ligaments of menisci

A

attach menisci to rims of plateaus

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25
Q

anterior transverse ligament

A

joins menisci and allows them to move together

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26
Q

characteristics of menisci

A

poorly vascularized
do not heal well
no loss of knee function if removed

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27
Q

medial meniscus

A

larger
more securely attached
also attached to MCL
thus more often injured than lat

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28
Q

lateral meniscus

A

attached to PCL

attached to popliteus muscle

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29
Q

functions of menisci

A

enhance stability of knee
deepen articular surfaces
distribute weight
reduce friction

30
Q

medial meniscus mvt

A

mve post during flexion

mve forward in ext

31
Q

lateral meniscus mvt

A

mve post during flexion

distorts more than the medial one

32
Q

knee joint capsule

A

large, lax
deficient on lat condyle
ant wall = quad tendon

cruciate ligaments are not inside synovial capsule

33
Q

why is the joint capsule deficient on the lateral side?

A

to allow passage of popliteal tendon

34
Q

suprapatellar bursae

A

upward expansion of synovial cavity

between femur and quad

35
Q

where is insertion of articularis genus muscle

A

proximal suprapatellar bursae

36
Q

prepatellar bursae

A

lies between superficial surface of patella and skin

37
Q

deep infrapatellar bursae

A

lies between patellar lig and tibia

can be inflamed from excessive kneeling

38
Q

subpopliteal bursae

A

located between tendon of popliteus and lat condyle of tibia

39
Q

gastrocnemius bursae

A

under medial head of gastrocnemius

40
Q

anserine bursae

A

between pes anserinus and tibial collateral lig

41
Q

pes anserinus = ?

A

combined tendons of:
semitendinosous
gracilis
sartorius

42
Q

mvts of knee joint

A

flexion
ext
lat-med rotation of tibia

43
Q

knee flexion

A

first 0 -25 degrees = post rolling and spinning
then
ant sliding of femoral condyles on tibial plateaus

44
Q

knee extension

A

first
—femoral condyles roll ant and slide post

followed by rolling/spinning of condyles

45
Q

lateral-medial rotation of tibia at 90 degrees of knee flexion

A

up to 40 degrees of lat rot

up to 30 degrees of med rot

46
Q

lateral-medial rotation of tibia greater than 90 degrees of knee flexion

A

med and lat rotation ROM decreases than that of at 90 degrees of knee flexion

47
Q

patella is embedded in the ?

A

knee joint capsule

48
Q

attachments of patella

A

to quad via quad tendon

to tibial tuberosity via ligamentum patellae

49
Q

patella during knee flex/ext

A

central ridge of patella slides along central groove of femur

50
Q

patella during flexion

A

tibia moves post

ligamentum patellae pulls patella distally and post
—causing it to remain firmly in position

51
Q

patella during extension

A

is pulled prox by quad

vastus lateralis pulls it lat

vastus medialis oblique counteracts other vastus

52
Q

Q-angle of patellofemoral joint

A

formed by vector of quadriceps and vector of pull of ligamentum patellae

15 degrees

53
Q

final few degrees of knee extension – locking legs

A

femur rotates med on tibia
tibia rotates lat on femur

knee brought into close-packed position

54
Q

mechanical axis

A

head of femur to head of talus

almost = to anatomic tibial axis

55
Q

anatomical axis

A

extends along femoral shaft

56
Q

physiologic valgus

A

normal angle 170 - 175

angle opens laterally

57
Q

genu valgum

A

lat deviation of tibia
<170 degrees

= knock knees

58
Q

genu varum

A

medial deviation of tibia
>170
= bow legs

59
Q

what is the popliteal fossa

A

posterior aspect of the knee

a deep recess formed by the borders of 4 muscles

60
Q

bony landmarks of popliteal fossa

A

popliteal surface of femur = floor

61
Q

boundaries of popliteal fossa

A

superior
–semimembranosus and semitendonosus

inferior
–medial and lateral heads of gastrocnemius

62
Q

less important contents of popliteal fossa

A 
fat
popliteal lymph nodes
popliteal bursa
common peroneal nerve
small saphenous vein
63
Q

more important contents of popliteal fossa

A

superficial to deep
tibial nerve
popliteal vein
popliteal artery

64
Q

trace popliteal artery

A

continuation of femoral art

begins at adductor hiatus

ends at lower border of popliteal muscle

dividing into ant/post tibial arteries

65
Q

branches off popliteal artery

A

5 branches

  • -lat/med superior geniculars
  • -lat/med inf geniculars
  • -middle genicular
66
Q

popliteal vein

A
  1. formed from venae comitantes of ant/post tibial arteries
  2. receives lesser saphenous vein
  3. becomes femoral vein at adductor hiatus
67
Q

tibial nerve

A

part of sciatic nerve

supplies post thigh and leg

68
Q

common peroneal nerve

A

also called fibular nerve

part of sciatic nerve
branches into superficial and deep peroneal nerves

supplies lat and ant leg

69
Q

sural nerve

A

arises via

  1. communicating branch from tibial nerve
  2. communicating branch from common peroneal nerve
70
Q

genicular branches of popliteal artery

A
  1. med sup/inf genicular
  2. lat sup/inf genicular
  3. middle genicular
71
Q

branches of anterior tibial

A

circumflex fibular

ant tibial recurrent

72
Q

branches of posterior tibial

A

post tibial recurrent

Anatomy II: Exam 1 (8 decks)

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