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Anatomy II: Exam 1 > L8: Knee & Popliteal Fossa > Flashcards

L8: Knee & Popliteal Fossa Flashcards

1
Q

fibular/lateral collateral ligament LCL — attachments

A

prox – lat epicondyle of femur

distal — lat aspect of fibular head

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2
Q

characteristics of LCL

A

splits tendon of biceps femoris into 2 parts

runs superior to tendon of popliteus muscle

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3
Q

tendon of popliteus muscle separates ?

A

LCL from lateral menicus

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4
Q

tibial/medial collateral ligament MCL — attachments

A

prox — medial epicondyle of femur

distal — prox tibia

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5
Q

characteristics of MCL

A

midpoint of MCL attaches to medial meniscus

weaker than LCL
more commonly damaged

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6
Q

oblique popliteal ligament – attachments

A

prox — lat femoral condyle

distal — post medial tibial condyle

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7
Q

arcuate popliteal lig — attachments

A

prox —- oblique popliteal lig

distal — posterior to fibular head

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8
Q

anterior cruciate lig ACL — attachments

A

prox — posterior, medial side of lateral condyle of femur

distal — ant intercondylar area of tibia

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9
Q

actions of ACL

A

limits post rolling of femoral condyles

prevents post displacement of femur on tibia

slack during flex
taut during ext

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10
Q

ACL characteristics

A

weaker than PCL

poor blood supply

cannot regenerate on its own

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11
Q

posterior cruciate ligament PCL — attachments

A

prox — anterior part of lateral surface of medial condyle of femur

distal — posterior intercondylar area of tibia

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12
Q

PCL actions

A

AL bundle — tightens during flexion

PL bundle — tightens during extensions

stronger than ACL
prevents hyperflexion

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13
Q

PCL is broken down into 2 bundles on the posterior aspect

A

anterolateral bundle
(more medial)

posterolateral bundle

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14
Q

transverse ligament of knee

A

extends across anterior intercodylar area connecting anterior aspects of menisci

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15
Q

unhappy triad of O-donoghue

A

simultaneous tears of
ACL
MCL
medial meniscus

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16
Q

knee joint

A

tibiofemoral jt

modified hinge jt

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17
Q

articulating surfaces of the knee joint

A

femoral condyles

tibial plateaus

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18
Q

femoral condyles

A

convex
asymmetric
medial is larger

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19
Q

what separates the femoral condyles

A

anteriorly by patellar surface

posteriorly by intercondylar fossa

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20
Q

patellar surface

A

asymmetric
shallow
saddle shaped groove

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21
Q

tibial plateaus

A

concave
asymmetric
medial is 50% larger

separated by intercondylar tubercles

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22
Q

define menisci

A

wedge-shaped fibrocartilage discs

ends = horns

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23
Q

horns of menisci attach to

A

tibial intercondylar tubercles

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24
Q

coronary ligaments of menisci

A

attach menisci to rims of plateaus

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25
anterior transverse ligament
joins menisci and allows them to move together
26
characteristics of menisci
poorly vascularized do not heal well no loss of knee function if removed
27
medial meniscus
larger more securely attached also attached to MCL thus more often injured than lat
28
lateral meniscus
attached to PCL | attached to popliteus muscle
29
functions of menisci
enhance stability of knee deepen articular surfaces distribute weight reduce friction
30
medial meniscus mvt
mve post during flexion mve forward in ext
31
lateral meniscus mvt
mve post during flexion distorts more than the medial one
32
knee joint capsule
large, lax deficient on lat condyle ant wall = quad tendon cruciate ligaments are not inside synovial capsule
33
why is the joint capsule deficient on the lateral side?
to allow passage of popliteal tendon
34
suprapatellar bursae
upward expansion of synovial cavity between femur and quad
35
where is insertion of articularis genus muscle
proximal suprapatellar bursae
36
prepatellar bursae
lies between superficial surface of patella and skin
37
deep infrapatellar bursae
lies between patellar lig and tibia can be inflamed from excessive kneeling
38
subpopliteal bursae
located between tendon of popliteus and lat condyle of tibia
39
gastrocnemius bursae
under medial head of gastrocnemius
40
anserine bursae
between pes anserinus and tibial collateral lig
41
pes anserinus = ?
combined tendons of: semitendinosous gracilis sartorius
42
mvts of knee joint
flexion ext lat-med rotation of tibia
43
knee flexion
first 0 -25 degrees = post rolling and spinning then ant sliding of femoral condyles on tibial plateaus
44
knee extension
first ---femoral condyles roll ant and slide post followed by rolling/spinning of condyles
45
lateral-medial rotation of tibia at 90 degrees of knee flexion
up to 40 degrees of lat rot up to 30 degrees of med rot
46
lateral-medial rotation of tibia greater than 90 degrees of knee flexion
med and lat rotation ROM decreases than that of at 90 degrees of knee flexion
47
patella is embedded in the ?
knee joint capsule
48
attachments of patella
to quad via quad tendon to tibial tuberosity via ligamentum patellae
49
patella during knee flex/ext
central ridge of patella slides along central groove of femur
50
patella during flexion
tibia moves post ligamentum patellae pulls patella distally and post ---causing it to remain firmly in position
51
patella during extension
is pulled prox by quad vastus lateralis pulls it lat vastus medialis oblique counteracts other vastus
52
Q-angle of patellofemoral joint
formed by vector of quadriceps and vector of pull of ligamentum patellae 15 degrees
53
final few degrees of knee extension -- locking legs
femur rotates med on tibia tibia rotates lat on femur knee brought into close-packed position
54
mechanical axis
head of femur to head of talus almost = to anatomic tibial axis
55
anatomical axis
extends along femoral shaft
56
physiologic valgus
normal angle 170 - 175 angle opens laterally
57
genu valgum
lat deviation of tibia <170 degrees = knock knees
58
genu varum
medial deviation of tibia >170 = bow legs
59
what is the popliteal fossa
posterior aspect of the knee a deep recess formed by the borders of 4 muscles
60
bony landmarks of popliteal fossa
popliteal surface of femur = floor
61
boundaries of popliteal fossa
superior --semimembranosus and semitendonosus inferior --medial and lateral heads of gastrocnemius
62
less important contents of popliteal fossa
``` fat popliteal lymph nodes popliteal bursa common peroneal nerve small saphenous vein ```
63
more important contents of popliteal fossa
superficial to deep tibial nerve popliteal vein popliteal artery
64
trace popliteal artery
continuation of femoral art begins at adductor hiatus ends at lower border of popliteal muscle dividing into ant/post tibial arteries
65
branches off popliteal artery
5 branches - -lat/med superior geniculars - -lat/med inf geniculars - -middle genicular
66
popliteal vein
1. formed from venae comitantes of ant/post tibial arteries 2. receives lesser saphenous vein 3. becomes femoral vein at adductor hiatus
67
tibial nerve
part of sciatic nerve supplies post thigh and leg
68
common peroneal nerve
also called fibular nerve part of sciatic nerve branches into superficial and deep peroneal nerves supplies lat and ant leg
69
sural nerve
arises via 1. communicating branch from tibial nerve 2. communicating branch from common peroneal nerve
70
genicular branches of popliteal artery
1. med sup/inf genicular 2. lat sup/inf genicular 3. middle genicular
71
branches of anterior tibial
circumflex fibular ant tibial recurrent
72
branches of posterior tibial
post tibial recurrent

Anatomy II: Exam 1 (8 decks)

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