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FHB GI Material - Richie > L8 - Digestion and Absorption > Flashcards

L8 - Digestion and Absorption Flashcards

1
Q 
Which of the following CANNOT pass the intestinal epithelial barrier?
A. Glucose
B. Galactose
C. Fructose
D. Sucrose
A

D. Sucrose (dissaccharide)

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2
Q

Amylose

A

straight chain polymer of glucose

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3
Q

Amylopectin

A

branched-chain polymer of glucose

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4
Q 
Which of the following is NOT a dissaccharide?
A. Trehalose
B. Sucrose
C. Lactose
D. Galactose
A

D. Galactose

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5
Q

B1,4-linkage

A

Can’t be hydrolyzed by human gut floral enzymes

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6
Q

Alpha-amylase will hydrolyze
A. Alpha1,6-linkage
B. Alpha1,4-linkage
C. Beta1,4-linkage

A

B. Alpha1,4-linkage

Straight chain parts

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7
Q

What is the name for the branching linkage in starch

A

alpha1,6-linkage

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8
Q

Pancreatic amylase digests a-1,4-bonds yielding a mixture of

A
  1. a-limit dextrins (oligosaccharide)
  2. Maltose (disaccharide)
  3. Maltotriose (trisaccharide)
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9
Q

Name 3 brush border enzymes

A
  1. a-dextrinase - digests a-limit dextrins
  2. maltase - digests maltose
  3. sucrase - digests maltotriose
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10
Q

What brush border enzyme can digest maltotriose AND sucrose?

A

Sucrase

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11
Q 
Which of the following requires amylase digestion?
A. Trehalose
B. Sucrose
C. Lactose
D. Starch
A

D. Starch

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12
Q

Glucose + glucose =

A

Trehalose

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13
Q

Glucose + galactose =

A

Lactose

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14
Q

Glucose + fructose =

A

Sucrose

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15
Q

Which brush border enzyme can debranch alpha-1,6-linkages?

A

alpha-dextrinase

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16
Q

What’s the only transporter on the luminal side of the intestinal brush border, that utilizes Na?

A

SGLT1 (Na/Glc transporter 2ndary active)

17
Q 
Which of the following transport glucose and galactose against their concentration gradient, coupled to Na+ influx?
A. GLUT 2
B. GLUT 5
C. SGLT 1
D. SGLT 2
A

C. SGLT 1

18
Q 
Which of the following are basolateral on brush border epithelial cells?
A. GLUT 2
B. GLUT 5
C. SGLT 1
D. B and C
A

A. GLUT 2

19
Q

Lactose intolerance

A

Defective or absent lactase. Osmotic diarrhea and dehydration result; lactose pulls water.

20
Q 
Which results in decreased absorption of glucose/galactose? 
A. Lactase deficiency
B. SGLT-1 deficiency
C. GLUT 5 deficiency
D. A and B
A

D. A and B

Lactase deficiency - can’t make glucose/galactose from lactose

SGLT-1 deficiency - can’t absorb gluc/gal into brush border epithelia

21
Q

Which one of these 10 aa’s are NOT essential?

Lys, His, Val, Leu, Ile, Phe, Try, Thr, Met, Pro

A

Pro

22
Q

Which of the following is NOT an endopeptidase, but an EXOpeptidase?

A. pepsin
B. Trypsin
C. Chymotrypsin
D. Elastase
E. carboxypeptidase
A

E. Carboxypeptidase

hint: carboxy

23
Q

“What is the key enzyme, located on the brush border, that initiates the process of digestion?”

A

Enterokinase (activates trypsinogen into trypsin)

24
Q

Trypsin activation yields which 5 active enzymes?

A
  1. Trypsin
  2. Chymotrypsin
  3. Elastase
  4. Carboxypeptidase A
  5. Carboxypeptidase B
25
Q

Amino acids co-transport with

A

Na+

26
Q

Di- and tripeptides co-transport with

A

H+

27
Q

In what organ does lipid digestion BEGIN?

A

stomach

28
Q

In what organ does MOST lipid digestion occur?

A

Small intestine

29
Q

What’s the 1st enzyme that is affected by pH imbalance?

A

Pancreatic lipase

30
Q

Name 3 pancreatic lipolytic enzymes that work at neutral pH

A

Pancreatic Lipase
Phospholipase A2
Cholesterol ester hydrolase

note: this is why you get steatorrhea when the pylorus dumps chyme in too fast - acidic stomach contents deactivate these lipolytic enzymes causing fatty poopoo. Could this be a cure for obesity? ;)

31
Q

What do bile acids to do pancreatic lipase?

A

Inactivates it

32
Q

What does cofactor lipase do?

A

Anchors pancreatic lipase to fat droplet, even in presence of bile acid. That way bile acids can emulsify, while lipase can do its thing too.

33
Q

Can micelles enter a cell?

A

no

34
Q

Where is bile reabsorbed into enterohepatic circulation, and by what transporter?

A

Ileum, ASBT transporter

Note: ileal resection promotes lost bile, and steatorrhea since can’t make micelles

35
Q

What’s cholestyramine?

A

complexes with bile so you can poop it out, and start from scratch using cholesterol.

FHB GI Material - Richie (8 decks)

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