L8: Developments in India

Question 1

What did the Mutiny of 1857 show to Britain?

Answer 1

Their control of India could not be taken for granted and the balance of British to Indian troops in India would have to be reconsidered

Question 2

How did Britain control India?

Answer 2

Through disruptive and intimidation tactics

Question 3

What disruptive tactics did the British use to control India?

Answer 3

Regiments of native Indian troops were trained and stationed in their own districts and cut off from one another
Deliberately separated by caste and religion
Army enlisted Sikh’s to replace the Bengali army

Question 4

What intimidation tactics did the British use to control India?

Answer 4

Number of British officers increased
Growth of Railways exaggerating British presence
Armoured gun trains introduced
First Viceroy established an imperial police force

Question 5

When was the British crown established in India?

Answer 5

After the Sepoy revolt in 1858

Question 6

What did British officials continue to do in India?

Answer 6

They continued to enjoy their unrestrained power until some form of government was established in 1909 and the Morley Minto reforms

Question 7

What was the Viceroy?

Answer 7

Most senior position in the Raj (British government in India) and was supported by the Indian Civil Service

Question 8

How did the British control the fears of rebellion?

Answer 8

They used the method of “divide and conquer” in which the British emphasized differences within the population

Question 9

Who was energetic about reform?

Answer 9

Viceroy Curzon as he was increasingly aware of the criticism against the British rule coming from a well educated Indian middle class

Question 10

When did Curzon rule as Viceroy?

Answer 10

1899-1905

Question 11

What was Viceroy Curzon mindful of?

Answer 11

The growing criticisms of British rule

Question 12

What changes did Curzon make?

Answer 12

Founded the Imperial Cadet Corps in 1901 to give native princes military training and commissions
He reformed Universities, Police
Lowered taxes
Adopted the Gold Standard to ensure a stable currency

Question 13

What did Viceroy Curzon attempt to do?

Answer 13

He attempted to divide the province of Bengal in 1905

Question 14

What was the partition of Bengal in 1905?

Answer 14

Viceroy Curzon decided that Bengal should be divided into 2 separate provinces; East Bengal being a Muslim majority and the Hindu majority being occupied in West Bengal

Question 15

What did the Bengal partition produce?

Answer 15

An uproar amongst the Hindu’s in East Bengal and the Muslims in West Bengal as they owned land in the opposite sides of where they are supposed to be

Question 16

How did the Hindu’s view the partition of Bengal?

Answer 16

They saw it as pay-back for their criticisms of British rule which led to strikes, protests and boycotts of British goods

Question 17

What did the partition event cause?

Answer 17

A split in Congress between the extremists and continuing moderates which helped enforce Curzon’s resignation

Question 18

What were the consequences of the Bengal partition?

Answer 18

The Muslim elite, who supported the partition, formed All India Muslim League in 1906 to safeguard the rights of Indian muslims
Division justified British control as a way of avoiding serious religious conflict
following protests, Bengal was reunited in 1911

Question 19

When did Curzon resign as Viceroy?

Answer 19

1905

Question 20

Who became Viceroy after Curzon?

Answer 20

Viceroy Minto

Question 21

When did Minto rule as Viceroy?

Answer 21

1905-1910

Question 22

Who assisted Viceroy Minto with introducing reforms?

Answer 22

John Morley, the Secretary of State for India

Question 23

What reform did Minto and Morley introduce?

Answer 23

The Indian Councils Act of 1909

Question 24

What was the Indian Council Act of 1909?

Answer 24

It enabled 27 Indians to be elected from constituencies to the Viceroy’s council, who advised and assisted the Viceroy.

Question 25

What did the Indian Council Act of 1909 provide?

Answer 25

The reform provided for greater Indian participation in government

Question 26

What did further democratic reforms mean in 1910?

Answer 26

135 Indians were able to secure seats in Elections and play a greater part in government

Question 27

What was held in 1911 in Dehli?

Answer 27

The Dehli Durbar of 1911

Question 28

What was the Dehli Durbar of 1911?

Answer 28

The coronation Durbar of King George V and Queen Mary was held in Coronation park in Dehli in December 1911
The purpose of the Durbar was to honour King George V as the “king-emperor” of India and was also where it was announced that the capital city would change from Calcutta to Dehli

Question 29

What did the Dehli Durbar show?

Answer 29

It seemed to epitomise the summit of British rule in India; however despite the occasion, there were signs that things didn’t go well

Question 30

How long did it take to change the capital city from Calcutta to Dehli?

Answer 30

20 years to implement due to delays caused through the First World war

Question 31

How long did the British enjoy their capital?

Answer 31

16 years as India gained it’s independence in 1947