L4: Unrest in Sudan Flashcards
In the history of the British Empire in Egypt, what happened in the 1860s - 1870s?
Khedive Pasha’s modernization programme in Egypt
In the history of the British Empire in Egypt, what happened in 1859 - 1869?
The Sue Canal was built but it and other infrastructure projects near, bankrupt Egypt and led to gradual British intake
In the history of the British Empire in Egypt, what happened in 1882?
British troops defeat the Egyptian army and take control of the country
Bombardment of Alexandria
In the history of the British Empire in Egypt, what happened in 1914?
Egypt becomes a veiled protectorate
In the history of the British Empire in Egypt, what happened in 1956 - 1957?
The Suez Canal Crisis
British and French troops faced international condemnation over their plans to take from back from nationalist leader, Nasser
In between what years did Sudan revolt?
1881 - 1898
What was the war called in Sudan?
The Madhist Uprising and War
When was the Madhist uprising and war?
1881 - 1899
What was the Madhist uprising and war?
A colonial war of the late 19th century fought between the Madhist Sudanese and the Egyptians along with British forces
What was the Madhist uprising and war also been called?
Anglo-Sudan war
Sudanese Madhist revolt
What did the British call their part in the conflict in Sudan?
The Sudan Campaign
What caused the Sudan revolt?
The British assumed they had control of Sudan when gaining control of Egypt as it was the Egyptians that controlled Sudan
How did the Sudanese feel about Egyptian and British control?
Sudan was unhappy for sometime as the Egyptians imposed heavy taxes and for many reasons, revolt felt needed when Sudanese islamic cleric, Muhammad Ahmad
Who was Muhammad Ahmad?
An islamic cleric who proclaimed himself the Mahdi (guide) and the man to lead Sudan out of imperial control
What did Muhammad Ahmad do?
He gathered supporters and led a revolt against the opressors
What happened to the Madhists after Ahmad’s death in 1885?
The Madhist movement quickly dissolved as infighting broke out among rival claimants for leadership
How did the British respond to the revolts?
They sent in General Gordon to help evacuate the Egyptians from Sudan as they were unwilling to fight costly wars
What did General Gordon do in Khartoum?
He became unwilling to sacrifice the city to the Madhists so easily and requested for relief columns to be sent despite the governments rejections
Why did the British government change their mind and send in reinforcements?
Public opinion forced them to oblige
When did the relief column that General Gordon requested, arrive in Khartoum?
2 days too late as the city had fallen after a year long siege in January 1885 (General Gordon also died)
What did the Madhists do after the city of Khartoum had fallen?
They launched a series of attacks on Ethiopia in one killing the emperor
What was the result of the Madhists attacks on Ethiopia?
Inconclusive
When did the British re enter the wars?
1896 which resulted in the Battle of Omdurman
Why did the British launch another attack on Sudan?
To reclaim and pacify Sudan again
To enact the vengeance for the brutal death of General Gordon who was know seen as a hero
When was the Battle of Omdurman?
September 1898
Who led the British reinforcements in 1896?
Lord Kitchener
How many troops of the Anglo-Egyptian army were British?
8,200
How many troops of the Anglo-Egyptian army were Egyptian?
17,600
Describe Kitcheners artillery and weaponary against the Madhists?
Advanced firepower of the age, including 20 Maxim guns and 44 artillery pieces on land, as well as a further 24 Maxim guns and 36 artillery pieces mounted on gunboats on the Nile.
How did Kitchener prepare for Battle in Sudan?
Sent out mounted patrols to scout the area around Omdurman.
Artillery bombarded Omdurman, aiming to weaken the defences
Kitchener set up camp on the west bank of the Nile,
Set spotlights from the gunboats to probing the darkness around them
How did the Battle of Omdurman end?
Kitchener obliterated the retreating Mahdists and seized Omdurman.
How many Madhists died as a result of the Kitchener?
10,000
How many British troops died when dealing with the Madhist rebels?
Less than 50
What did Kitchener order to happen after the Battle?
He ordered the killings of the wounded
Who witnessed the killing of the wounded?
Young Winston Churchill
Who commented and described on the uprising?
Winston Churchill in “The River War”
What happened after the Battle of Omdurman in 1898?
British pacified Sudan again
