L4: Unrest in Sudan

Question 1

In the history of the British Empire in Egypt, what happened in the 1860s - 1870s?

Answer 1

Khedive Pasha’s modernization programme in Egypt

Question 2

In the history of the British Empire in Egypt, what happened in 1859 - 1869?

Answer 2

The Sue Canal was built but it and other infrastructure projects near, bankrupt Egypt and led to gradual British intake

Question 3

In the history of the British Empire in Egypt, what happened in 1882?

Answer 3

British troops defeat the Egyptian army and take control of the country
Bombardment of Alexandria

Question 4

In the history of the British Empire in Egypt, what happened in 1914?

Answer 4

Egypt becomes a veiled protectorate

Question 5

In the history of the British Empire in Egypt, what happened in 1956 - 1957?

Answer 5

The Suez Canal Crisis
British and French troops faced international condemnation over their plans to take from back from nationalist leader, Nasser

Question 6

In between what years did Sudan revolt?

Answer 6

1881 - 1898

Question 7

What was the war called in Sudan?

Answer 7

The Madhist Uprising and War

Question 8

When was the Madhist uprising and war?

Answer 8

1881 - 1899

Question 9

What was the Madhist uprising and war?

Answer 9

A colonial war of the late 19th century fought between the Madhist Sudanese and the Egyptians along with British forces

Question 10

What was the Madhist uprising and war also been called?

Answer 10

Anglo-Sudan war
Sudanese Madhist revolt

Question 11

What did the British call their part in the conflict in Sudan?

Answer 11

The Sudan Campaign

Question 12

What caused the Sudan revolt?

Answer 12

The British assumed they had control of Sudan when gaining control of Egypt as it was the Egyptians that controlled Sudan

Question 13

How did the Sudanese feel about Egyptian and British control?

Answer 13

Sudan was unhappy for sometime as the Egyptians imposed heavy taxes and for many reasons, revolt felt needed when Sudanese islamic cleric, Muhammad Ahmad

Question 14

Who was Muhammad Ahmad?

Answer 14

An islamic cleric who proclaimed himself the Mahdi (guide) and the man to lead Sudan out of imperial control

Question 15

What did Muhammad Ahmad do?

Answer 15

He gathered supporters and led a revolt against the opressors

Question 16

What happened to the Madhists after Ahmad’s death in 1885?

Answer 16

The Madhist movement quickly dissolved as infighting broke out among rival claimants for leadership

Question 17

How did the British respond to the revolts?

Answer 17

They sent in General Gordon to help evacuate the Egyptians from Sudan as they were unwilling to fight costly wars

Question 18

What did General Gordon do in Khartoum?

Answer 18

He became unwilling to sacrifice the city to the Madhists so easily and requested for relief columns to be sent despite the governments rejections

Question 19

Why did the British government change their mind and send in reinforcements?

Answer 19

Public opinion forced them to oblige

Question 20

When did the relief column that General Gordon requested, arrive in Khartoum?

Answer 20

2 days too late as the city had fallen after a year long siege in January 1885 (General Gordon also died)

Question 21

What did the Madhists do after the city of Khartoum had fallen?

Answer 21

They launched a series of attacks on Ethiopia in one killing the emperor

Question 22

What was the result of the Madhists attacks on Ethiopia?

Answer 22

Inconclusive

Question 23

When did the British re enter the wars?

Answer 23

1896 which resulted in the Battle of Omdurman

Question 24

Why did the British launch another attack on Sudan?

Answer 24

To reclaim and pacify Sudan again
To enact the vengeance for the brutal death of General Gordon who was know seen as a hero

Question 25

When was the Battle of Omdurman?

Answer 25

September 1898

Question 26

Who led the British reinforcements in 1896?

Answer 26

Lord Kitchener

Question 27

How many troops of the Anglo-Egyptian army were British?

Answer 27

8,200

Question 28

How many troops of the Anglo-Egyptian army were Egyptian?

Answer 28

17,600

Question 29

Describe Kitcheners artillery and weaponary against the Madhists?

Answer 29

Advanced firepower of the age, including 20 Maxim guns and 44 artillery pieces on land, as well as a further 24 Maxim guns and 36 artillery pieces mounted on gunboats on the Nile.

Question 30

How did Kitchener prepare for Battle in Sudan?

Answer 30

Sent out mounted patrols to scout the area around Omdurman.
Artillery bombarded Omdurman, aiming to weaken the defences
Kitchener set up camp on the west bank of the Nile,
Set spotlights from the gunboats to probing the darkness around them

Question 31

How did the Battle of Omdurman end?

Answer 31

Kitchener obliterated the retreating Mahdists and seized Omdurman.

Question 32

How many Madhists died as a result of the Kitchener?

Answer 32

10,000

Question 33

How many British troops died when dealing with the Madhist rebels?

Answer 33

Less than 50

Question 34

What did Kitchener order to happen after the Battle?

Answer 34

He ordered the killings of the wounded

Question 35

Who witnessed the killing of the wounded?

Answer 35

Young Winston Churchill

Question 36

Who commented and described on the uprising?

Answer 36

Winston Churchill in “The River War”

Question 37

What happened after the Battle of Omdurman in 1898?

Answer 37

British pacified Sudan again