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RADT 134 Research Methods > L8 21/02 > Flashcards

L8 21/02 Flashcards

1
Q

What does qualitative research assume?

A

That reality is experienced through the constructive processes of the human mind, never accessed directly (unlike quantitative research).

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2
Q

Definition of subjectivity

A

Personal values and biases can never be fully controlled, and are important

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3
Q

Definition of shared data

A

Created by both the researcher and the researched

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4
Q

Definition of holistic

A

Complete understanding of the phenomena

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5
Q

Definition of flexible

A

Changing design where process is as important as outcome

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6
Q

Definition of uncontrolled

A

Conducted in ‘real world’ settings

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7
Q

Strengths of qualitative research

A
  • Useful in exploratory, descriptive, or evaluative research
  • Able to access most human populations
  • Can address sensitive topics
  • Able to generate rich and detailed data
  • Relatively low cost
  • Compatible with the concept of ‘holism’
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8
Q

Limitations of qualitative research

A
  • Value of the approach still questioned within the largely positivist research community
  • Participants not anonymous
  • Considerable potential for ‘causing’ real distress to participants
  • Very demanding of participants time and experience
  • Very labour intensive and time consuming
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9
Q

What are the 5 qualitative designs

A 
Ethnography 
Grounded theory
Phenomenology
Phenomenology sampling
Discourse analysis
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10
Q

What does ethnography involve?

A

Human groups evolve a culture, which determines group members view of the world and shapes their behaviours

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11
Q

What does grounded theory involve?

A

Theory is “grounded” in the data (participant views) and emerges from the reality that it explains.

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12
Q

What does phenomenology involve?

A
  • Assumes that all phenomena have an “essence” which can be understood through lived experience
  • Research aims to understand people’s experience and interpret the phenomenon of interes
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13
Q

What does phenomenology sampling involve?

A
  • Samples normally involve small numbers (10 – 20)
  • “Convenience” sampling used (such as ‘snowballing’) where subjects recruit more subjects
  • The sampling strategy and participant characteristics are essential component
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14
Q

What does discourse analysis involve?

A
  • The underlying assumption is that the way language is used structures cultural meanings and behaviours
  • The research focus is on exploring and analysing talk, text and interactions
  • Data can be both naturally occurring or socially generated (which will inform data collection methods
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15
Q

Give 2 data collection methods

A

Interviews

Focus groups

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16
Q

Features of interviews

A

1:1 discussion
poorly structured
flexible
Questions open ended and inviting narration
Check the format (face-to-face, telephone, online)

17
Q

Features of focus groups

A

Valuable group interactions
Very dependent on quality facilitation
Need to record non-verbal cues (nodding agreement etc)
Halo effect

18
Q

Facilitator skills

A
  • Attentiveness
  • Sensitivity to the feelings of the respondent
  • Ability to tolerate silences
  • Adept at using open language:
  • Prompt, probe and check understanding of responses
  • Being non-judgemental
  • Respecting the rights of the interviewee
  • Use an introduction to break through ‘official’ versions of the world and build rapport
  • Note the situation, non-verbal cues, behaviours
  • Manage humour – good to encourage engagement if appropriate
  • Close the session by inviting further comments and thanking participants
  • Commence leave-taking rituals
  • Deal with emotional issues and debriefing
19
Q

What is transcription?

A
  • Recordings capture all the nuances of an interview interaction
  • The original recording IS the data
  • Accurate transcription ‘backs-up’ the data and facilitates analysis
  • Transcription uses a notation system to indicate characteristics of speech and non-verbal elements
20
Q

Do qualitative methods assume that reality can be accessed and measured directly?

A

No

21
Q

Are qualitative methods are associated with a constructivist approach?

A

Yes

22
Q

Is the biggest challenge in qualitative research design is trying to determine which respondents have provided the right answer?

A

No

23
Q

Do qualitative methods seek to gain knowledge from the meaning that people bring to their experiences?

A

Yes

24
Q

What words are most commonly associated with qualitative research methods?

A
  • Biased
  • Subjectivity
  • Flexible
  • Holistic
  • Real world
25
Q

What is NOT a qualitative design in Health Research?

A

Survey

26
Q

Testing ideas with new data until saturation occurs and new data does not add anything is known as Current Theory

A

No

27
Q

Is transcription is the process of interpreting and coding interview responses?

A

No

RADT 134 Research Methods (9 decks)

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