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RP > L7: Potassuim > Flashcards

L7: Potassuim Flashcards

1
Q

1. What is the main intracellular cation?
- a. Sodium
- b. Potassium
- c. Calcium
- d. Magnesium

A

B

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2
Q

2. What is the effect of increased plasma K+ on excitability?
- a. Hyperexcitability
- b. Hypoexcitability
- c. No change in excitability
- d. Decreased osmolarity

A

A

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3
Q

3. What can cause increased plasma K+ levels?
- a. Acid-base disbalance (metabolic acidosis)
- b. Plasma osmolarity
- c. Alkaline pH
- d. Hydration

A

A

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4
Q

4. What happens in hypertonic plasma regarding cell osmolarity?
- a. Decreases osmolarity in the cell
- b. Increases osmolarity in the cell
- c. No effect on cell osmolarity
- d. Causes cell lysis

A

B

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5
Q

5. What does hypokalemia result in?
- a. Increased membrane potential
- b. Decreased excitability
- c. Hyperkalemia
- d. Cell lysis

A

B

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6
Q

6. Which tissues are highly affected by changes in potassium levels?
- a. Skeletal muscle
- b. Brain
- c. Heart
- d. Liver

A

C

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7
Q

7. What is the majority of potassium found in?
- a. Extracellular fluid
- b. Blood plasma
- c. Intracellular fluid
- d. Interstitial fluid

A

C

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8
Q

8. How does insulin affect potassium uptake into the cell?
- a. Inhibits K+ uptake
- b. Activates Na/K+ exchanger
- c. Decreases SA node activity
- d. Promotes cell lysis

A

B

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9
Q

9. How does adrenaline prevent high plasma K+ during exercise?
- a. Inhibits skeletal muscle activity
- b. Stimulates K+ secretion
- c. Increases K+ uptake
- d. Promotes hyperkalemia

A

C

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10
Q

10. Which factor protects the brain from rapid changes in potassium levels?
- a. Blood-brain barrier
- b. Cerebrospinal fluid
- c. BBB receptors
- d. Neurotransmitters

A

A

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11
Q

11. What is the clinical significance of IV glucose in hyperkalemia treatment?
- a. Increases potassium secretion
- b. Induces hypokalemia
- c. Promotes potassium uptake into cells
- d. Triggers renal failure

A

C

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12
Q

12. How does aldosterone respond to long-term hyperkalemia?
- a. Decreases K+ secretion
- b. Activates sodium channels
- c. Increases K+ secretion
- d. Inhibits ENaC

A

C

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13
Q

13. What is the role of a-Intercalated cells in renal potassium handling?
- a. Promote potassium secretion
- b. Reabsorb potassium
- c. Secrete H+ ions
- d. Activate sodium channels

A

B

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14
Q

14. How does hyperkalemia affect potassium stores in the cell?
- a. Decreases intracellular potassium
- b. Causes intracellular hyperkalemia
- c. Has no impact on intracellular stores
- d. Promotes potassium excretion

A

B

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15
Q

15. What stimulates aldosterone release for potassium regulation?
- a. Low plasma sodium
- b. Low blood volume
- c. Hyperkalemia
- d. High plasma osmolarity

A

C

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16
Q

16. How does ADH affect sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion?
- a. Increases both sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion
- b. Inhibits both sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion
- c. Increases sodium reabsorption, inhibits potassium secretion
- d. Has no effect on renal ion handling

A

C

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17
Q

17. What factor does not change potassium levels?
- a. Body water content
- b. Diuretics use
- c. Increased tubular fluid flow
- d. Hypovolemia

A

C

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18
Q

18. How does hypovolemia affect potassium handling in the kidneys?
- a. Increases K+ reabsorption
- b. Decreases K+ secretion
- c. Has no effect on K+ handling
- d. Promotes K+ excretion

A

C

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19
Q

19. What is the effect of high sodium intake on potassium levels?
- a. Increases K+ secretion
- b. Decreases K+ reabsorption
- c. Decreases K+ levels
- d. Has no impact on K+ regulation

A

C

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20
Q

20. How does flow rate affect potassium excretion through cilia?
- a. Decreases K+ excretion
- b. Promotes K+ secretion
- c. Has no effect on K+ excretion
- d. Induces hyperkalemia

A

C

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21
Q

21. What is the primary mechanism of potassium reabsorption in the PCT (Proximal Convoluted Tubule)?
- a. Filtration
- b. Active transport
- c. Solvent drag
- d. Facilitated diffusion

A

C

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22
Q

22. How is potassium reabsorbed in the TALH (Thick Ascending Limb of Henle)?
- a. Via Na/K pump
- b. Passive diffusion
- c. NKCC cotransporter
- d. Through aquaporins

A

C

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23
Q

23. Which cells in the DCT (Distal Convoluted Tubule) and CT (Collecting Tubule) are involved in potassium reabsorption?
- a. Principle cells
- b. Intercalated cells
- c. Endothelial cells
- d. Epithelial cells

A

B

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24
Q

24. What is the impact of renal failure on potassium secretion?
- a. Increases K+ secretion
- b. Enhances K+ reabsorption
- c. Impairs K+ secretion
- d. Promotes intracellular hyperkalemia

A

C

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25
Q

25. How does aldosterone respond to increased potassium levels?
- a. Inhibits K+ secretion
- b. Activates NKCC cotransporter
- c. Increases K+ secretion
- d. Promotes potassium excretion

A

C

26
Q

26. What is the role of ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone) in sodium and potassium handling?
- a. Increases both sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion
- b. Inhibits both sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion
- c. Increases sodium reabsorption, inhibits potassium secretion
- d. Promotes sodium excretion, increases potassium secretion

A

C

27
Q

27. Which factor does not influence potassium levels?
- a. Body water content
- b. Diuretics use
- c. Increased tubular fluid flow
- d. Hypovolemia

A

Cc

28
Q

28. How does high flow rate impact potassium excretion through cilia?
- a. Decreases K+ excretion
- b. Promotes K+ secretion
- c. Has no effect on K+ excretion
- d. Induces hyperkalemia

A

C

29
Q

29. What is the clinical significance of hyperkalemia adaptation in individuals exposed to elevated potassium levels?
- a. Increases K+ secretion
- b. Enhances potassium reabsorption
- c. Adapts to higher K+ levels
- d. Promotes intracellular hyperkalemia

A

C

30
Q

30. How do diuretics impact potassium homeostasis?
- a. Increase K+ secretion
- b. Decrease K+ reabsorption
- c. Induce hyperkalemia
- d. Have no effect on K+ regulation

A

C

31
Q

31. What is the role of aldosterone in response to long-term hyperkalemia?
- a. Decreases K+ secretion
- b. Activates sodium channels
- c. Increases K+ secretion
- d. Inhibits ENaC

A

C

32
Q

32. How does ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone) affect sodium and potassium handling in the kidneys?
- a. Increases both sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion
- b. Inhibits both sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion
- c. Increases sodium reabsorption, inhibits potassium secretion
- d. Promotes sodium excretion, increases potassium secretion

A

C

33
Q

33. Which cells in the renal tubules are involved in reabsorbing potassium through H/K ATPase?
- a. Principal cells
- b. Intercalated cells
- c. Endothelial cells
- d. Epithelial cells

A

B

34
Q

34. What is the effect of insulin on potassium uptake into cells?
- a. Inhibits K+ uptake
- b. Activates Na/K+ exchanger
- c. Decreases SA node activity
- d. Promotes cell lysis

A

B

35
Q

35. How does high sodium intake impact potassium levels?
- a. Increases K+ secretion
- b. Decreases K+ reabsorption
- c. Decreases K+ levels
- d. Has no impact on K+ regulation

A

C

36
Q

36. What stimulates aldosterone release for potassium regulation?
- a. Low plasma sodium
- b. Low blood volume
- c. Hyperkalemia
- d. High plasma osmolarity

A

C

37
Q
  1. What is the clinical significance of hyperkalemia adaptation in individuals exposed to elevated potassium levels?**
    - a. Increases K+ secretion
    - b. Enhances potassium reabsorption
    - c. Adapts to higher K+ levels
    - d. Promotes intracellular hyperkalemia
A

C

38
Q

*38. What happens in hypertonic plasma regarding cell osmolarity?**
- a. Decreases osmolarity in the cell
- b. Increases osmolarity in the cell
- c. No effect on cell osmolarity
- d. Causes cell lysis

A

B

39
Q

39. How does adrenaline prevent high plasma K+ during exercise?
- a. Inhibits skeletal muscle activity
- b. Stimulates K+ secretion
- c. Increases K+ uptake
- d. Promotes hyperkalemia

A

C

40
Q

*40. What is the clinical significance of IV glucose in hyperkalemia treatment?**
- a. Increases potassium secretion
- b. Induces hypokalemia
- c. Promotes potassium uptake into cells
- d. Triggers renal failure

A

C

41
Q

41. How does acid-base imbalance contribute to increased plasma K+?
- a. Decreases K+ levels
- b. Increases K+ levels
- c. Has no effect on K+
- d. Promotes intracellular hyperkalemia

A

B

42
Q

42. In hypertonic plasma, what happens to cell osmolarity and K+ movement?
- a. Decreases osmolarity; K+ moves into the cell
- b. Increases osmolarity; K+ moves into the cell
- c. No effect on osmolarity; K+ moves out of the cell
- d. Causes cell lysis; K+ remains unchanged

A

B

43
Q

43. What is the primary effect of insulin on potassium uptake?
- a. Inhibits potassium uptake
- b. Activates Na/K+ exchanger
- c. Promotes cell lysis
- d. Increases SA node activity

A

B

44
Q

44. How does increased flow rate impact potassium excretion through cilia?
- a. Decreases K+ excretion
- b. Promotes K+ secretion
- c. Has no effect on K+ excretion
- d. Induces hyperkalemia

A

C

45
Q

45. What tissues are highly affected by changes in potassium levels?
- a. Skeletal muscle and liver
- b. Heart and brain
- c. Kidneys and lungs
- d. Skin and pancreas

A

B

46
Q

46. What is the major intracellular cation?
- a. Sodium
- b. Potassium
- c. Calcium
- d. Magnesium

A

B

47
Q

47. How does hypovolemia impact potassium handling in the kidneys?
- a. Increases K+ secretion
- b. Decreases K+ reabsorption
- c. Has no effect on K+ handling
- d. Promotes K+ excretion

A

C

48
Q

48. What is the role of ADH in potassium secretion?
- a. Inhibits potassium secretion
- b. Activates sodium channels
- c. Stimulates potassium secretion
- d. Promotes intracellular hyperkalemia

A

C

49
Q

49. How does hyperkalemia impact intracellular potassium levels?
- a. Decreases intracellular potassium
- b. Causes intracellular hyperkalemia
- c. Has no impact on intracellular stores
- d. Promotes potassium excretion

A

B

50
Q

50. What is the primary factor affecting potassium homeostasis during diuresis?
- a. Decreased ADH levels
- b. Increased sodium reabsorption
- c. Potassium reabsorption
- d. Hyperkalemia induction

A

C

51
Q

51. How does increased cilia bending impact potassium excretion through the renal tubules?
- a. Decreases K+ excretion
- b. Promotes K+ secretion
- c. Has no effect on K+ excretion
- d. Induces hyperkalemia

A

C

52
Q

52. What is the primary role of BK (Maxi) channels in potassium secretion?
- a. Flow-dependent secretion
- b. Constitutive secretion
- c. Sequestered secretion
- d. Sodium reabsorption

A

C

53
Q

53. What stimulates the opening of BK channels in the renal tubules?
- a. Increased sodium levels
- b. Calcium entry or partial depolarization
- c. Decreased flow rate
- d. Inhibition by aldosterone

A

B

54
Q

54. How does hypokalemia affect membrane potential and cell excitability?
- a. Increases membrane potential
- b. Decreases excitability
- c. Has no impact on membrane potential
- d. Promotes hyperexcitability

A

B

55
Q

55. What is the main effect of increased sodium intake on potassium levels?
- a. Increases K+ secretion
- b. Decreases K+ reabsorption
- c. Decreases K+ levels
- d. Has no impact on K+ regulation

A

C

56
Q

56. How does increased tubular fluid flow affect potassium handling in the renal tubules?
- a. Increases K+ secretion
- b. Decreases K+ reabsorption
- c. Has no effect on K+ handling
- d. Promotes K+ excretion

A

C

57
Q

57. What stimulates aldosterone release to regulate potassium levels?
- a. Low plasma sodium
- b. Low blood volume
- c. Hyperkalemia (Answer)
- d. High plasma osmolarity

A

C

58
Q

58. How does insulin impact potassium uptake into cells?
- a. Inhibits potassium uptake
- b. Activates Na/K+ exchanger
- c. Decreases SA node activity
- d. Promotes cell lysis

A

B

59
Q

59. What tissues are less affected by changes in potassium levels?
- a. Heart and brain
- b. Skeletal muscle and liver
- c. Skeletal muscle and lungs
- d. Skeletal muscle and kidneys

A

D

60
Q

60. What is the primary mechanism of potassium reabsorption in the PCT (Proximal Convoluted Tubule)?
- a. Filtration
- b. Active transport
- c. Solvent drag
- d. Facilitated diffusion

A

C

RP (4 decks)

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