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L4: ECSF Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What is the primary function of the partially permeable membrane between intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments?
    a. Allows free movement of all molecules
    b. Selectively moves ions to equalize composition
    c. Restricts the movement of glucose
A

B

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2
Q
  1. Which molecule can freely distribute through the intracellular fluid due to its ability to penetrate the plasma membrane?
    a. Sodium
    b. Albumin
    c. Glucose
A

C

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3
Q
  1. What is responsible for colloid oncotic pressure in intravascular fluid?
    a. Proteins confined to interstitial fluid
    b. Movement of glucose from interstitial fluid
    c. Presence of aquaporins in blood plasma
A

A

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4
Q

What is the term for the total volume in the vasculature that is effectively perfusing the tissue?
a. Intracellular fluid volume
b. Extracellular fluid volume
c. Effective circulating fluid volume (ECFV)

A

C

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5
Q
  1. What happens during volume contraction?
    a. Decrease in ECFV
    b. Increase in ECFV
    c. No change in ECFV
A

A

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6
Q
  1. In changes of extracellular fluid volume, what is the result of volume expansion?
    a. Decrease in blood pressure
    b. Increase in blood pressure
    c. No effect on blood pressure
A

B

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7
Q
  1. What is the term for fluid with more solute concentration, resulting in increased extracellular fluid osmolarity?
    a. Isosmotic fluid
    b. Hyperosmotic fluid
    c. Hyposmotic fluid
A

B

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8
Q
  1. What causes volume expansion due to gain of isosmotic fluid?
    a. Drinking isotonic water
    b. Dehydration
    c. Decreased salt intake
A

A

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9
Q
  1. How does the body compensate for the addition of NaCl?
    a. Positive free water clearance
    b. Negative free water clearance
    c. Increased glucose reabsorption
A

A

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10
Q
  1. What is the result of decreased NaCl in the extracellular fluid?
    a. Increase in osmolarity
    b. Decrease in osmolarity
    c. No change in osmolarity
A

B

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11
Q
  1. How does the body compensate for the loss of NaCl?
    a. Positive free water clearance
    b. Negative free water clearance
    c. Increased aldosterone release
A

B

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12
Q
  1. What is the primary outcome of an increase in free water?
    a. Positive water clearance
    b. Negative water clearance
    c. No change in water clearance
A

A

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13
Q
  1. In sodium homeostasis, what is the result of increased Na+ intake?
    a. Marginal increase in plasma Na+
    b. Significant increase in plasma Na+
    c. Decreased plasma Na+
A

A

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14
Q
  1. What is the primary role of vascular low-pressure stretch sensors in sodium homeostasis?
    a. Increase sympathetic activity
    b. Decrease GFR
    c. Release natriuretic peptides
A

C

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15
Q
  1. How does dopamine counteract the action of angiotensin II?
    a. Stimulates ADH release
    b. Inhibits Na/K ATPase
    c. Increases angiotensin II production
A

B

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16
Q
  1. What is the primary effect of dopamine on Afferent arteries?
    a. Vasoconstriction
    b. Vasodilation
    c. No effect on blood vessels
A

B

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17
Q
  1. What is the consequence of high GFR on dopamine production?
    a. Decreased dopamine synthesis
    b. Increased dopamine synthesis
    c. No effect on dopamine synthesis
A

B

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18
Q
  1. How does angiotensin II affect the adrenal medulla?
    a. Stimulates aldosterone release
    b. Inhibits aldosterone release
    c. Has no effect on adrenal medulla
A

A

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19
Q
  1. What is the primary function of natriuretic peptides released by vascular low-pressure stretch sensors?
    a. Increase renin release
    b. Inhibit renin release
    c. Enhance sympathetic activity
A

B

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20
Q
  1. What do osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus lack that makes them sensitive to changes in osmolarity?
    a. Tight junctions
    b. Ion transporters
    c. Permeable membrane
A

A

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21
Q
  1. What is the primary role of osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus?
    a. Tight junction maintenance
    b. Volume sensing
    c. Osmolarity sensing
A

C

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22
Q
  1. Inhibition of Renin release from granular cells is mediated by:
    a. Adenosine
    b. ATP
    c. Angiotensin II
A

A

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23
Q
  1. What is the consequence of stretch of Afferent artery in the kidney?
    a. Increased renin release
    b. Decreased renin release
    c. Activation of angiotensin II
A

B

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24
Q
  1. How does angiotensin II affect Afferent arteries?
    a. Dilation
    b. Vasoconstriction
    c. No effect
A

B

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25
Q
  1. What is the primary function of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)?
    a. Decrease blood pressure
    b. Increase GFR
    c. Increase blood pressure
A

C

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26
Q
  1. Where is angiotensin I converted into angiotensin II?
    a. Liver
    b. Lungs
    c. Kidneys
A

B

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27
Q
  1. What is the effect of Angiotensin II on the adrenal medulla?
    a. Inhibits aldosterone release
    b. Stimulates aldosterone release
    c. Increases ADH release
A

B

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28
Q
  1. What is the primary effect of high GFR on dopamine production?
    a. Increased dopamine synthesis
    b. Decreased dopamine synthesis
    c. No effect on dopamine synthesis
A

A

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29
Q
  1. What is the result of volume expansion?
    a. Decrease in blood pressure
    b. Increase in blood pressure
    c. No change in blood pressure
30
Q
  1. How do natriuretic peptides affect sympathetic activity?
    a. Increase
    b. Decrease
    c. No effect
31
Q
  1. What does positive free water clearance indicate?
    a. Loss of free water
    b. Gain of free water
    c. No change in free water
32
Q
  1. What is the result of volume contraction?
    a. Positive free water clearance
    b. Negative free water clearance
    c. No change in free water clearance
33
Q
  1. How does the body compensate for the addition of NaCl?
    a. Positive free water clearance
    b. Negative free water clearance
    c. Increased glucose reabsorption
34
Q

‘34. What causes volume expansion due to gain of isosmotic fluid?
a. Drinking isotonic water
b. Dehydration
c. Decreased salt intake

35
Q
  1. What is responsible for colloid oncotic pressure in intravascular fluid?
    a. Proteins confined to interstitial fluid
    b. Movement of glucose from interstitial fluid
    c. Presence of aquaporins in blood plasma
36
Q
  1. What happens during volume contraction?
    a. Decrease in ECFV
    b. Increase in ECFV
    c. No change in ECFV
37
Q
  1. What is the term for fluid with more solute concentration, resulting in increased extracellular fluid osmolarity?
    a. Isosmotic fluid
    b. Hyperosmotic fluid
    c. Hyposmotic fluid
38
Q
  1. How does the body compensate for the loss of NaCl?
    a. Positive free water clearance
    b. Negative free water clearance
    c. Increased aldosterone release
39
Q
  1. What is the primary outcome of an increase in free water?
    a. Positive water clearance
    b. Negative water clearance
    c. No change in water clearance
40
Q

. 40. In sodium homeostasis, what is the result of increased Na+ intake?
a. Marginal increase in plasma Na+
b. Significant increase in plasma Na+
c. Decreased plasma Na+

41
Q
  1. How does dopamine counteract the action of angiotensin II?
    a. Stimulates ADH release
    b. Inhibits Na/K ATPase
    c. Increases angiotensin II production
42
Q
  1. What is the primary effect of dopamine on Afferent arteries?
    a. Vasoconstriction
    b. Vasodilation
    c. No effect on blood vessels
43
Q
  1. What is the consequence of high GFR on dopamine production?
    a. Decreased dopamine synthesis
    b. Increased dopamine synthesis
    c. No effect on dopamine synthesis
44
Q
  1. How does angiotensin II affect the adrenal medulla?
    a. Stimulates aldosterone release
    b. Inhibits aldosterone release
    c. Has no effect on adrenal medulla
45
Q
  1. What is the primary function of natriuretic peptides released by vascular low-pressure stretch sensors?
    a. Increase renin release
    b. Inhibit renin release
    c. Enhance sympathetic activity
46
Q
  1. What do osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus lack that makes them sensitive to changes in osmolarity?
    a. Tight junctions
    b. Ion transporters
    c. Permeable membrane
47
Q
  1. What is the primary role of osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus?
    a. Tight junction maintenance
    b. Volume sensing
    c. Osmolarity sensing
48
Q
  1. Inhibition of Renin release from granular cells is mediated by:
    a. Adenosine
    b. ATP
    c. Angiotensin II
49
Q
  1. What is the consequence of stretch of Afferent artery in the kidney?
    a. Increased renin release
    b. Decreased renin release
    c. Activation of angiotensin II
50
Q
  1. How does angiotensin II affect Afferent arteries?
    a. Dilation
    b. Vasoconstriction
    c. No effect
51
Q
  1. How does angiotensin II affect Afferent arteries?
    a. Dilation
    b. Vasoconstriction
    c. No effect
52
Q
  1. Where is angiotensin I converted into angiotensin II?
    a. Liver
    b. Lungs
    c. Kidneys
53
Q
  1. Where is angiotensin I converted into angiotensin II?
    a. Liver
    b. Lungs
    c. Kidneys
54
Q
  1. What is the effect of Angiotensin II on the adrenal medulla?
    a. Inhibits aldosterone release
    b. Stimulates aldosterone release
    c. Increases ADH release
55
Q
  1. What is the primary effect of high GFR on dopamine production?
    a. Increased dopamine synthesis
    b. Decreased dopamine synthesis
    c. No effect on dopamine synthesis
56
Q
  1. What is the result of volume expansion?
    a. Decrease in blood pressure
    b. Increase in blood pressure
    c. No change in blood pressure
57
Q
  1. How do natriuretic peptides affect sympathetic activity?
    a. Increase
    b. Decrease
    c. No effect
58
Q
  1. What does positive free water clearance indicate?
    a. Loss of free water
    b. Gain of free water
    c. No change in free water
59
Q
  1. What is the result of volume contraction?
    a. Positive free water clearance
    b. Negative free water clearance
    c. No change in free water clearance
60
Q
  1. How does the body compensate for the addition of NaCl?
    a. Positive free water clearance
    b. Negative free water clearance
    c. Increased glucose reabsorption
61
Q

‘60. What causes volume expansion due to gain of isosmotic fluid?
a. Drinking isotonic water
b. Dehydration
c. Decreased salt intake

62
Q
  1. What is responsible for colloid oncotic pressure in intravascular fluid?
    a. Proteins confined to interstitial fluid
    b. Movement of glucose from interstitial fluid
    c. Presence of aquaporins in blood plasma
63
Q
  1. What happens during volume contraction?
    a. Decrease in ECFV
    b. Increase in ECFV
    c. No change in ECFV
64
Q
  1. What is the term for fluid with more solute concentration, resulting in increased extracellular fluid osmolarity?
    a. Isosmotic fluid
    b. Hyperosmotic fluid
    c. Hyposmotic fluid
65
Q
  1. How does the body compensate for the loss of NaCl?
    a. Positive free water clearance
    b. Negative free water clearance
    c. Increased aldosterone release,
66
Q
  1. What is the primary outcome of an increase in free water?
    a. Positive water clearance
    b. Negative water clearance
    c. No change in water clearance
67
Q
  1. In sodium homeostasis, what is the result of increased Na+ intake?
    a. Marginal increase in plasma Na+
    b. Significant increase in plasma Na+
    c. Decreased plasma Na+
68
Q
  1. How does dopamine counteract the action of angiotensin II?
    a. Stimulates ADH release
    b. Inhibits Na/K ATPase
    c. Increases angiotensin II production
69
Q
  1. What is the primary effect of dopamine on Afferent arteries?
    a. Vasoconstriction
    b. Vasodilation
    c. No effect on blood vessels
70
Q

“69. What is the consequence of high GFR on dopamine production?
a. Decreased dopamine synthesis
b. Increased dopamine synthesis
c. No effect on dopamine synthesis

71
Q
  1. How does angiotensin II affect the adrenal medulla?
    a. Stimulates aldosterone release
    b. Inhibits aldosterone release
    c. Has no effect on adrenal medulla

RP (4 decks)

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