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RP > L4: ECSF > Flashcards

L4: ECSF Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What is the primary function of the partially permeable membrane between intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments?
    a. Allows free movement of all molecules
    b. Selectively moves ions to equalize composition
    c. Restricts the movement of glucose
A

B

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2
Q
  1. Which molecule can freely distribute through the intracellular fluid due to its ability to penetrate the plasma membrane?
    a. Sodium
    b. Albumin
    c. Glucose
A

C

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3
Q
  1. What is responsible for colloid oncotic pressure in intravascular fluid?
    a. Proteins confined to interstitial fluid
    b. Movement of glucose from interstitial fluid
    c. Presence of aquaporins in blood plasma
A

A

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4
Q

What is the term for the total volume in the vasculature that is effectively perfusing the tissue?
a. Intracellular fluid volume
b. Extracellular fluid volume
c. Effective circulating fluid volume (ECFV)

A

C

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5
Q
  1. What happens during volume contraction?
    a. Decrease in ECFV
    b. Increase in ECFV
    c. No change in ECFV
A

A

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6
Q
  1. In changes of extracellular fluid volume, what is the result of volume expansion?
    a. Decrease in blood pressure
    b. Increase in blood pressure
    c. No effect on blood pressure
A

B

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7
Q
  1. What is the term for fluid with more solute concentration, resulting in increased extracellular fluid osmolarity?
    a. Isosmotic fluid
    b. Hyperosmotic fluid
    c. Hyposmotic fluid
A

B

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8
Q
  1. What causes volume expansion due to gain of isosmotic fluid?
    a. Drinking isotonic water
    b. Dehydration
    c. Decreased salt intake
A

A

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9
Q
  1. How does the body compensate for the addition of NaCl?
    a. Positive free water clearance
    b. Negative free water clearance
    c. Increased glucose reabsorption
A

A

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10
Q
  1. What is the result of decreased NaCl in the extracellular fluid?
    a. Increase in osmolarity
    b. Decrease in osmolarity
    c. No change in osmolarity
A

B

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11
Q
  1. How does the body compensate for the loss of NaCl?
    a. Positive free water clearance
    b. Negative free water clearance
    c. Increased aldosterone release
A

B

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12
Q
  1. What is the primary outcome of an increase in free water?
    a. Positive water clearance
    b. Negative water clearance
    c. No change in water clearance
A

A

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13
Q
  1. In sodium homeostasis, what is the result of increased Na+ intake?
    a. Marginal increase in plasma Na+
    b. Significant increase in plasma Na+
    c. Decreased plasma Na+
A

A

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14
Q
  1. What is the primary role of vascular low-pressure stretch sensors in sodium homeostasis?
    a. Increase sympathetic activity
    b. Decrease GFR
    c. Release natriuretic peptides
A

C

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15
Q
  1. How does dopamine counteract the action of angiotensin II?
    a. Stimulates ADH release
    b. Inhibits Na/K ATPase
    c. Increases angiotensin II production
A

B

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16
Q
  1. What is the primary effect of dopamine on Afferent arteries?
    a. Vasoconstriction
    b. Vasodilation
    c. No effect on blood vessels
A

B

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17
Q
  1. What is the consequence of high GFR on dopamine production?
    a. Decreased dopamine synthesis
    b. Increased dopamine synthesis
    c. No effect on dopamine synthesis
A

B

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18
Q
  1. How does angiotensin II affect the adrenal medulla?
    a. Stimulates aldosterone release
    b. Inhibits aldosterone release
    c. Has no effect on adrenal medulla
A

A

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19
Q
  1. What is the primary function of natriuretic peptides released by vascular low-pressure stretch sensors?
    a. Increase renin release
    b. Inhibit renin release
    c. Enhance sympathetic activity
A

B

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20
Q
  1. What do osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus lack that makes them sensitive to changes in osmolarity?
    a. Tight junctions
    b. Ion transporters
    c. Permeable membrane
A

A

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21
Q
  1. What is the primary role of osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus?
    a. Tight junction maintenance
    b. Volume sensing
    c. Osmolarity sensing
A

C

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22
Q
  1. Inhibition of Renin release from granular cells is mediated by:
    a. Adenosine
    b. ATP
    c. Angiotensin II
A

A

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23
Q
  1. What is the consequence of stretch of Afferent artery in the kidney?
    a. Increased renin release
    b. Decreased renin release
    c. Activation of angiotensin II
A

B

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24
Q
  1. How does angiotensin II affect Afferent arteries?
    a. Dilation
    b. Vasoconstriction
    c. No effect
A

B

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25
Q
  1. What is the primary function of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)?
    a. Decrease blood pressure
    b. Increase GFR
    c. Increase blood pressure
A

C

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26
Q
  1. Where is angiotensin I converted into angiotensin II?
    a. Liver
    b. Lungs
    c. Kidneys
A

B

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27
Q
  1. What is the effect of Angiotensin II on the adrenal medulla?
    a. Inhibits aldosterone release
    b. Stimulates aldosterone release
    c. Increases ADH release
A

B

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28
Q
  1. What is the primary effect of high GFR on dopamine production?
    a. Increased dopamine synthesis
    b. Decreased dopamine synthesis
    c. No effect on dopamine synthesis
A

A

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29
Q
  1. What is the result of volume expansion?
    a. Decrease in blood pressure
    b. Increase in blood pressure
    c. No change in blood pressure
A

B

30
Q
  1. How do natriuretic peptides affect sympathetic activity?
    a. Increase
    b. Decrease
    c. No effect
A

B

31
Q
  1. What does positive free water clearance indicate?
    a. Loss of free water
    b. Gain of free water
    c. No change in free water
A

B

32
Q
  1. What is the result of volume contraction?
    a. Positive free water clearance
    b. Negative free water clearance
    c. No change in free water clearance
A

B

33
Q
  1. How does the body compensate for the addition of NaCl?
    a. Positive free water clearance
    b. Negative free water clearance
    c. Increased glucose reabsorption
A

A

34
Q

‘34. What causes volume expansion due to gain of isosmotic fluid?
a. Drinking isotonic water
b. Dehydration
c. Decreased salt intake

A

A

35
Q
  1. What is responsible for colloid oncotic pressure in intravascular fluid?
    a. Proteins confined to interstitial fluid
    b. Movement of glucose from interstitial fluid
    c. Presence of aquaporins in blood plasma
A

A

36
Q
  1. What happens during volume contraction?
    a. Decrease in ECFV
    b. Increase in ECFV
    c. No change in ECFV
A

A

37
Q
  1. What is the term for fluid with more solute concentration, resulting in increased extracellular fluid osmolarity?
    a. Isosmotic fluid
    b. Hyperosmotic fluid
    c. Hyposmotic fluid
A

B

38
Q
  1. How does the body compensate for the loss of NaCl?
    a. Positive free water clearance
    b. Negative free water clearance
    c. Increased aldosterone release
A

B

39
Q
  1. What is the primary outcome of an increase in free water?
    a. Positive water clearance
    b. Negative water clearance
    c. No change in water clearance
A

A

40
Q

. 40. In sodium homeostasis, what is the result of increased Na+ intake?
a. Marginal increase in plasma Na+
b. Significant increase in plasma Na+
c. Decreased plasma Na+

A

A

41
Q
  1. How does dopamine counteract the action of angiotensin II?
    a. Stimulates ADH release
    b. Inhibits Na/K ATPase
    c. Increases angiotensin II production
A

B

42
Q
  1. What is the primary effect of dopamine on Afferent arteries?
    a. Vasoconstriction
    b. Vasodilation
    c. No effect on blood vessels
A

B

43
Q
  1. What is the consequence of high GFR on dopamine production?
    a. Decreased dopamine synthesis
    b. Increased dopamine synthesis
    c. No effect on dopamine synthesis
A

B

44
Q
  1. How does angiotensin II affect the adrenal medulla?
    a. Stimulates aldosterone release
    b. Inhibits aldosterone release
    c. Has no effect on adrenal medulla
A

A

45
Q
  1. What is the primary function of natriuretic peptides released by vascular low-pressure stretch sensors?
    a. Increase renin release
    b. Inhibit renin release
    c. Enhance sympathetic activity
A

B

46
Q
  1. What do osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus lack that makes them sensitive to changes in osmolarity?
    a. Tight junctions
    b. Ion transporters
    c. Permeable membrane
A

A

47
Q
  1. What is the primary role of osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus?
    a. Tight junction maintenance
    b. Volume sensing
    c. Osmolarity sensing
A

C

48
Q
  1. Inhibition of Renin release from granular cells is mediated by:
    a. Adenosine
    b. ATP
    c. Angiotensin II
A

A

49
Q
  1. What is the consequence of stretch of Afferent artery in the kidney?
    a. Increased renin release
    b. Decreased renin release
    c. Activation of angiotensin II
A

B

50
Q
  1. How does angiotensin II affect Afferent arteries?
    a. Dilation
    b. Vasoconstriction
    c. No effect
A

B

51
Q
  1. How does angiotensin II affect Afferent arteries?
    a. Dilation
    b. Vasoconstriction
    c. No effect
A

C

52
Q
  1. Where is angiotensin I converted into angiotensin II?
    a. Liver
    b. Lungs
    c. Kidneys
A

B

53
Q
  1. Where is angiotensin I converted into angiotensin II?
    a. Liver
    b. Lungs
    c. Kidneys
A

B

54
Q
  1. What is the effect of Angiotensin II on the adrenal medulla?
    a. Inhibits aldosterone release
    b. Stimulates aldosterone release
    c. Increases ADH release
A

B

55
Q
  1. What is the primary effect of high GFR on dopamine production?
    a. Increased dopamine synthesis
    b. Decreased dopamine synthesis
    c. No effect on dopamine synthesis
A

A

56
Q
  1. What is the result of volume expansion?
    a. Decrease in blood pressure
    b. Increase in blood pressure
    c. No change in blood pressure
A

B

57
Q
  1. How do natriuretic peptides affect sympathetic activity?
    a. Increase
    b. Decrease
    c. No effect
A

B

58
Q
  1. What does positive free water clearance indicate?
    a. Loss of free water
    b. Gain of free water
    c. No change in free water
A

B

59
Q
  1. What is the result of volume contraction?
    a. Positive free water clearance
    b. Negative free water clearance
    c. No change in free water clearance
A

B

60
Q
  1. How does the body compensate for the addition of NaCl?
    a. Positive free water clearance
    b. Negative free water clearance
    c. Increased glucose reabsorption
A

A

61
Q

‘60. What causes volume expansion due to gain of isosmotic fluid?
a. Drinking isotonic water
b. Dehydration
c. Decreased salt intake

A

A

62
Q
  1. What is responsible for colloid oncotic pressure in intravascular fluid?
    a. Proteins confined to interstitial fluid
    b. Movement of glucose from interstitial fluid
    c. Presence of aquaporins in blood plasma
A

A

63
Q
  1. What happens during volume contraction?
    a. Decrease in ECFV
    b. Increase in ECFV
    c. No change in ECFV
A

A

64
Q
  1. What is the term for fluid with more solute concentration, resulting in increased extracellular fluid osmolarity?
    a. Isosmotic fluid
    b. Hyperosmotic fluid
    c. Hyposmotic fluid
A

B

65
Q
  1. How does the body compensate for the loss of NaCl?
    a. Positive free water clearance
    b. Negative free water clearance
    c. Increased aldosterone release,
A

B

66
Q
  1. What is the primary outcome of an increase in free water?
    a. Positive water clearance
    b. Negative water clearance
    c. No change in water clearance
A

A

67
Q
  1. In sodium homeostasis, what is the result of increased Na+ intake?
    a. Marginal increase in plasma Na+
    b. Significant increase in plasma Na+
    c. Decreased plasma Na+
A

‘A

68
Q
  1. How does dopamine counteract the action of angiotensin II?
    a. Stimulates ADH release
    b. Inhibits Na/K ATPase
    c. Increases angiotensin II production
A

B

69
Q
  1. What is the primary effect of dopamine on Afferent arteries?
    a. Vasoconstriction
    b. Vasodilation
    c. No effect on blood vessels
A

B

70
Q

“69. What is the consequence of high GFR on dopamine production?
a. Decreased dopamine synthesis
b. Increased dopamine synthesis
c. No effect on dopamine synthesis

A

B

71
Q
  1. How does angiotensin II affect the adrenal medulla?
    a. Stimulates aldosterone release
    b. Inhibits aldosterone release
    c. Has no effect on adrenal medulla
A

A

RP (4 decks)

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