L7 - Pain

Question 1

Define nociception

Answer 1

Neural process of encoding noxious stimuli

Question 2

What is the name of the condition where you can’t feel pain?

Answer 2

Congenital insensitivity to pain (CIP)

Question 3

What are the nociceptive fibres?

Answer 3

C and adelta

Question 4

What Are the three main qualities of pain?

Answer 4

Therman
Mechano
Chemical

Question 5

What are the main receptors for thermal pain?

Answer 5

Cold - TrpM8

Hot - TrpV1/V2

Question 6

What are the specialized receptors for mechano pain?

Answer 6

Piezo channels

Question 7

What are the specialized receptors for chemical pain?

Answer 7

TRPA1, ASICs, P2X3

Question 8

What mutations can lead to CIP?

Answer 8

Mutations in Nav 1.7 and Nav 1.9

Question 9

What are the inherited pain syndromes associated sith Nav 1.7 mutations?

Answer 9

Erythromelalgia - Burning hands and feet syndrome
Paroxysmal Extreme Pain Disorder (PEPD)
Small fibre neuropathy

Question 10

What are the main neuropeptides released by nociceptors?

Answer 10

Substance P

Calcitonin gene related peptide (cGRP)

Question 11

What does the release of substance P and CGRP cause?

Answer 11

Blood flow increases to the area

Production of:
Histamine
Bradykinin
Serotonim
Prostaglandin

Question 12

What do eicosanoids do?

Answer 12

They are mediators of inflammation

Question 13

List some eicosanoids and their functions

Answer 13

Leukotriene - chemotaxis, inflammation, anaphylaxis
Thromboxin - thrombocyte, aggregation, vasoconstriction
Prostaglandin - inflammation, vasodilation, vasoconstriction

Question 14

Where can painkillers act to target peripheral sensitization?

Answer 14

NSAIDs inhibit Cox therefore inhibit prostaglandin production
Local anaesthetics target Nav 1.7, 1.8 and 1.9 channels

Question 15

Where do A delta fibres project to in the spinal cord?

Answer 15

Peptidergic –> I

Non- peptidergic –> IV

Question 16

Where do c fibres project to in. The spinak cord?

Answer 16

iI

Question 17

What are the three mechanisms that lead to central sensitization?

Answer 17

Temporal and spatial summation
Ltp and homosynaptic facilitation
Heterosynaptic facilitation

Question 18

In central sensitization what does homosynaptic facilitation do?

Answer 18

Enhances synaptic transmission

Question 19

In central senstization what does heterosynaptic facilitation do?

Answer 19

Increase the size of the receptive field of the nociceptive afferent

Question 20

In central sensitization what does NO do?

Answer 20

Increase the pre-synaptic response

Question 21

What is allodynia?

Answer 21

Pain induced by a non-toxic stimuli due to heterosynaptic facilitTion by Abeta mechanoreceptors

Question 22

What are the pain areas in the brain?

Answer 22

Front cingulate cortex
Si
Hypothalamis
Formarion reticulus
Insel
Sii

Question 23

What are the main pain phenomena?

Answer 23

Neuropathic pain
Neuralgia
Projected pain

Question 24

What causes neuropathic pain?

Answer 24

Due to diseases of the peripheral nociceptive system

Question 25

What causes neuralgia?

Answer 25

Nerve or neural root pain

Question 26

What causes projected pain?

Answer 26

Pain in an organ with the same receptive field

Question 27

Define pain

Answer 27

Consicious perception or experience