L7 - Bone, Joint & Soft Tissue Infections

Question 1

How many known virulence factors of S.aureus

Answer 1

33

Question 2

What are the 2 main bacteria that cause skin/skin structure infections?

Answer 2

S. aureus

S. pyogenes

Question 3

`why is skin inhospitable for microorganisms?

Answer 3

dry
shedding
low pH
competition with resident microbiota

Question 4

What does skin infection result from?

Answer 4

trauma - accidental or deliberate

Question 5

What are the 3 types of skin follicle infection?

Answer 5

folliculitis
furuncle (boil)
Carbuncle

Question 6

What are the 2 skin infections caused by S.aureus (but different strains)

Answer 6

Impetigo

SSSS

Question 7

What is folliculitis?

Answer 7

superficial
S. aureus
P. aeruginoasa (hot tub)

Question 8

What is a furuncle?

Answer 8

deep version of folliculitis

single follicle

Question 9

What is a carbuncle?

Answer 9

collection of furuncles

connected subcutaneously

Question 10

What is Impetigo?

Answer 10

superficial
infectious
disrupt corneal layer
crusting

Question 11

What is SSSS?

Answer 11

widespread exfoliation
stratum granulosum and stratum spinosum

toxin spreads across body
electrolyte imbalance from water loss

Question 12

What 2 skin infections does Group A streptococci cause?

Answer 12

Erysipelas

Cellulitis

Question 13

What is Erysipelas?

Answer 13

superficial cellulitis
bright red lesion
demarkation

Question 14

What is Cellulitis?

Answer 14

skin & UNDERLYING TISSUE
sepsis
can lose limbs

Question 15

What is Necrotising fascitis?

Answer 15

soft tissue, deep fascia

starts with Group A Strep

surgical debridement

Question 16

What is Gangrene?

Answer 16

deep tissue

Clostridium Spp.

poor blood flow

GAS gangrene - C. perfringens
Alpha toxin - phospholipase

divide time of 12 mins

surgical intervention

Question 17

What is Anthrax caused by?

Answer 17

Bacillus anthracis

found in:

• soil
• animal hides
• bone meal
• fleeces

Question 18

What is cutaneous anthrax?

Answer 18

ulcerative skin lesions

central necrosis - black “eschar”

Question 19

What is Rickettsial infection caused by?

Answer 19

Rickettsia spp.

Question 20

What are types of Rickettsial infection?

Answer 20

Epidemic typhus
R. prowazekii

Endemic typhus
R. typhi

Scrub typhus
Orienta tsutsugamushi

Rocky Mountain spotted fever
R. rickettsii

Question 21

What bacteria come from cat/dog bites?

Answer 21

Pasturella multocida

Capnocytophaga canimorus

Question 22

What bacteria come from rat bites?

Answer 22

Spirillum moniliformis

Streptobacillus moniliformis

Question 23

What bacteria come from human bites?

Answer 23

Oral commensal microbiota

Eikenella corrodens

Question 24

What is Lyme disease?

Answer 24

lxodes tick

target shaped rash

non-descriptive symptoms

Question 25

What 2 types of bacteria cause bone infections?

Answer 25

S. aureus

Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 26

What is osteomyelitis?

Answer 26

bone infection

pain/swelling

Question 27

What is arthritis?

Answer 27

swollen joints

rheumatoid or septic

Question 28

What are some infections of the oral cavit by COMMENSAL ORAL MICROBIOTA?

Answer 28

Dental caries

abcesses

peridontal infections

gingivitis

Question 29

What are infectionsof the oral cavity by PRIMARY PATHOGENS?

Answer 29

HSV

Oral thrush

Syphilitic regions

AIDS lesions

Question 30

What are dental caries?

Answer 30

tooth decay due to bacterial activity

Streptococcus mutans - BIOFILM FORMATION

treat by removing affected tissue - replace with filling

Question 31

What are 2 ways to prevent dental caries?

Answer 31

fluoride toothpaste

fluoride in mains water