L7 - Bone, Joint & Soft Tissue Infections Flashcards
How many known virulence factors of S.aureus
33
What are the 2 main bacteria that cause skin/skin structure infections?
S. aureus
S. pyogenes
`why is skin inhospitable for microorganisms?
dry
shedding
low pH
competition with resident microbiota
What does skin infection result from?
trauma - accidental or deliberate
What are the 3 types of skin follicle infection?
folliculitis
furuncle (boil)
Carbuncle
What are the 2 skin infections caused by S.aureus (but different strains)
Impetigo
SSSS
What is folliculitis?
superficial
S. aureus
P. aeruginoasa (hot tub)
What is a furuncle?
deep version of folliculitis
single follicle
What is a carbuncle?
collection of furuncles
connected subcutaneously
What is Impetigo?
superficial
infectious
disrupt corneal layer
crusting
What is SSSS?
widespread exfoliation
stratum granulosum and stratum spinosum
toxin spreads across body
electrolyte imbalance from water loss
What 2 skin infections does Group A streptococci cause?
Erysipelas
Cellulitis
What is Erysipelas?
superficial cellulitis
bright red lesion
demarkation
What is Cellulitis?
skin & UNDERLYING TISSUE
sepsis
can lose limbs
What is Necrotising fascitis?
soft tissue, deep fascia
starts with Group A Strep
surgical debridement
What is Gangrene?
deep tissue
Clostridium Spp.
poor blood flow
GAS gangrene - C. perfringens
Alpha toxin - phospholipase
divide time of 12 mins
surgical intervention
What is Anthrax caused by?
Bacillus anthracis
found in:
- soil
- animal hides
- bone meal
- fleeces
What is cutaneous anthrax?
ulcerative skin lesions
central necrosis - black “eschar”
What is Rickettsial infection caused by?
Rickettsia spp.
What are types of Rickettsial infection?
Epidemic typhus
R. prowazekii
Endemic typhus
R. typhi
Scrub typhus
Orienta tsutsugamushi
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
R. rickettsii
What bacteria come from cat/dog bites?
Pasturella multocida
Capnocytophaga canimorus
What bacteria come from rat bites?
Spirillum moniliformis
Streptobacillus moniliformis
What bacteria come from human bites?
Oral commensal microbiota
Eikenella corrodens
What is Lyme disease?
lxodes tick
target shaped rash
non-descriptive symptoms
What 2 types of bacteria cause bone infections?
S. aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
What is osteomyelitis?
bone infection
pain/swelling
What is arthritis?
swollen joints
rheumatoid or septic
What are some infections of the oral cavit by COMMENSAL ORAL MICROBIOTA?
Dental caries
abcesses
peridontal infections
gingivitis
What are infectionsof the oral cavity by PRIMARY PATHOGENS?
HSV
Oral thrush
Syphilitic regions
AIDS lesions
What are dental caries?
tooth decay due to bacterial activity
Streptococcus mutans - BIOFILM FORMATION
treat by removing affected tissue - replace with filling
What are 2 ways to prevent dental caries?
fluoride toothpaste
fluoride in mains water
