L7 - Artificial Gravity During Space Missions

Question 1

DEFINE SELF-CARE / SELF-MANAGEMENT

Answer 1

Keeping self-satisfied and productive
Managing one’s own stress and interactions with others
Preventing stressful/frustrating events from interfering with performance

Question 2

DESCRIBE THE KEY ELEMENTS OF SELF-CARE / SELF-MANAGEMENT

Answer 2

Self-Care
Performance under stress
Family issues
Self-awareness
Flexibility

Question 3

DESCRIBE THE STRATEGIES FOR SELF-CARE / SELF-MANAGEMENT

Answer 3

Develop a positive approach
Cycle of positive/negative thinking (contagious)
Event -> interpretation – thoughts – mood; statements – others interpret person as “optimist/pessimist” and respond in a positive/negative way; others encouraged to think positively/negatively
Work towards “harmony”
Pace yourself for a “marathon” vs “sprint”
Develop a “normal” pattern of working and living
Ask for/accept help when appropriate
Protect your sleep/rest time as much as possible
Develop a means of recreation
Preserve your own personal space
Take care of your personal hygiene
Plan/prepare with your family and friends
Develop realistic expectations and goals
Identify ways to monitor and manage your stress

Question 4

DEFINE TEAM WORK

Answer 4

Actively support the team to achieve mission objectives

Develop smooth relations and effective work processes with other team members

Question 5

DESCRIBE THE KEY ELEMENTS OF TEAM WORK

Answer 5

Initiative
Communication
Team relationships

Question 6

DESCRIBE THE STRATEGIES FOR TEAM WORK

Answer 6

Develop & leverage listening skills
Accept inquiry
Share credit for accomplishments; accept responsibility for mistakes
Tell jokes and humorous stories
Communicate openly, yet diplomatically
Develop relationships early

Question 7

DEFINE GROUP LIVING

Answer 7

Each crewmember modifies her/his behaviour to make the situation workable/pleasant for everyone.

Question 8

DESCRIBE THE KEY ELEMENTS OF GROUP LIVING

Answer 8

Adjusting behaviour to accommodate others’ needs
Contributing to group welfare
Everyone influences the quality of life on orbit
Living together is harder than working together

Question 9

DESCRIBE THE STRATEGIES FOR GROUP LIVING

Answer 9

Discuss group expectations early
Do your share of communal tasks
Use conflict management skills
Ask questions before reacting
Challenge initial interpretations of behaviour
Support colleagues’ personal needs
Include crew members in activities
Avoid doing what annoys others
Be Flexible!

Question 10

DEFINE FOLLOWERSHIP

Answer 10

Partnering with the leader to maximize team effectiveness and to achieve organizational objectives
It is not simply following the leader’s direction
It is active

Question 11

DESCRIBE THE KEY ELEMENTS OF FOLLOWERSHIP

Answer 11

Alignment
Versatility
Technical competence
Trust & Reliability

Question 12

DEFINE LEADERSHIP

Answer 12

Guiding the team to maximize its effectiveness and to achieve the organization’s goals
Setting the organizational culture

Question 13

DESCRIBE THE KEY ELEMENTS OF LEADERSHIP

Answer 13

Goal setting
Supporting the Team
Modelling/coaching
Situational leadership

Question 14

DEFINE CULTURE

Answer 14

Software of the Mind”
Ways of seeing the world
Key influence on behaviour/expectations

Question 15

DEFINE CROSS-CULTURAL SKILLS

Answer 15

Understanding of one’s own and others’ cultures and how it impacts the success of interactions with other people.
Use of different styles/approaches to support smooth and effective work with people from other cultures.

Question 16

DESCRIBE THE KEY ELEMENTS OF CROSS-CULTURAL SKILLS

Answer 16

Cultural (self) awareness
Cultural understanding (of others)
Cultural interpretation
Cultural adaptability

Question 17

DESCRIBE THE “UPSIDES” TO WORKING WITH PEOPLE FROM OTHER CULTURES

Answer 17

Learn new approaches and points of view
Recognize impact of own culture
Make better decisions
Leverage strengths of diverse team

Question 18

CRIBE THE “DOWNSIDES” TO WORKING WITH PEOPLE FROM OTHER CULTURES

Answer 18

More effort required to communicate clearly
More time required to make decisions
More complexity

Question 19

DESCRIBE THE ASTRONAUT/COSMONAUT SIMILARITIES

Answer 19

“Cosmonauts and astronauts are well educated ‘techno’ guys and are a lot alike. They don’t expect to observe each other’s different cultural practices all the time. Differences between US civilian astronauts and US military astronauts are greater than differences between astronauts and cosmonauts.”

Question 20

DESCRIBE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MILITARY AND CIVILIAN LEADERSHIP

Answer 20

“At NASA, leadership is a lot different from what you find in the military. You have a small team and there are skill mix issues. As a leader, you try to get consensus that maximizes involvement; sometimes you need variety and participation. In training, I tried to make everyone as multifunctional as possible.”

Question 21

DESCRIBE OTHER TYPES OF CULTURAL DIFFERENCE

Answer 21

In general, personality differences are more powerful than cultural differences, except:
Gender role expectations
Leadership/Followership role expectations

Question 22

DESCRIBE THE STRATEGIES FOR CROSS-CULTURAL SKILLS

Answer 22

Complete training on own/others’ cultural values
Be flexible
Think of people as individuals
Include people from other cultures in work and social activities
Plan for extra time needed to work smoothly with people from other cultures
Learn as much of the language as possible

Question 23

DESCRIBE THE STRATEGIES TO AVOID FOR CROSS-CULTURAL SKILLS

Answer 23

Applying the “dominant culture” model
Relying on stereotypes
Being influenced by time pressure
Demonstrating too little respect
Trying to change others

Question 24

DESCRIBE THE ASTRONAUT EXPEDITIONARY TRAINING

Answer 24

Selection -> expedition workshop -> NOLS (crew comments/debriefs) -> NEEMO -> assigned flight training -> ISS expedition

Question 25

DESCRIBE THE KEY POINTS FOR EXPEDITIONARY BEHAVIOUR

Answer 25

Keep self-satisfied & productive
Take initiative
Adjust behaviour to accommodate others’ needs
Partner with the leader
Use situational leadership
Be culturally adaptable