L1 - Life Support Systems Flashcards
DEFINE LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS
ECLSS -> Environment control (NASA) -> devices
CELSS -> Controlled ecological (scientific) -> Endeavour
DEFINE THE ENVIRONMENT COMPONENTS
Atmosphere -> 78% N2/21% O2/0.5% H2O/others
Correct mixture
Correct pressure
DEFINE HYPOXIA (LACK OF O2)
Exercise judgment Integrate sensory inputs Memory troubles Degradation vision Well-being, drowsiness
DEFINE HYPERCAPNIA (EXCESS OF CO2)
Headache Confusion Drowsiness High blood pressure Arrhythmias Disorientation Panic
DEFINE THE BENDS (BUBBLES OF N2)
Spacesuit (3 hours pure O2) -> 0.34 atm
Spacecraft -> 1 atm
HOW SHOULD BE THE ATMOSPHERE OF A SPACECRAFT ENVIRONMENT?
CO2 < 0.3% (3mmHg)
H2O – 0.8 – 0.018 atm
T – 18-27º
DEFINE THE PROCEDURES OF A PREASSURE LOSS
Access to emergency breathing equipment
Time of Useful Consciousness (TUC)
WHAT ARE THE HUMAN BODY NEEDS
Inputs (11400kg) 02 – 0.83kg Food – 0.62kg Potable water – 3.56kg Hygiene water – 26kg Outputs (11400kg) CO2 – 1kg Metabolic solids – 0.1kg Water – 30kg
LIST SOME CONTAMINANTS ON PAST MISSIONS
Fire Fiberglass insulation CO2 Propellants Acrid odour Flushed air LiOH, dust Formaldehyde and ammonia O2 Ethylene glycol
LIST SOME MICROORGANISMS CONTAMINANTS
Infectious disease Plant diseases Food spoilage Immune alteration Toxin production Allergies Volatile release Material degradation Environment contamination
STATE THE FACTORS INCREASING RISK
Crowded conditions Closed-loop Reduced capability hygiene Limited clean-up Inability to isolate contagious crewmember Limited treatment capability Altered immune response
STATE THE RISK PREVENTIVE MEASURES
Crew – Screening, quarantine Water – Monitoring biocides Food – Pre-flight analysis
Air – Monitoring, filtration Surfaces – Monitoring, disinfection Payloads – Cleaning, disinfection
STATE THE FIRE CAUSES, EFFECTS AND COUNTERMEASURES
Electrical systems, gas mixing -> direct injuries, toxic pyrolysis, and toxicity
Countermeasures -> breathing gear, protocol, refuges, medical treatment
LIST THE TYPES OF RADIATION AND THE CHALLENGES:
Types:
Solar Particles Events (SPE) -> High energy protons, not predictable
Trapped radiation -> Medium energy protons and electrons (shielding)
Galactic Cosmic Radiation -> High energy protons and HZE. Not effectively shielding
Challenges:
Monitor
Evaluate bio effects
Ground research
Reduce uncertainly on late effects
Countermeasures -> shield and drugs
WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF A LSS?
Atmosphere control (gas storage, CO2 removal, contaminant monitoring)
Temperature and humidity control (ventilation and cooling)
Water and food management (storage, microbial control)
Waste management (collection and storage, thrash)
Crew safety (fire, shielding)
