L2 - Living & Working in Space Flashcards
DESCRIBE WHAT DOES THE ISS PROVIDE
Research facility
Commercial platform for research
Test bed for advanced technology
DESCRIBE WHY IS USED THE SPACE ENVIRONMENT
Advance scientific knowledge
Live, explore and work
Use attributes of space to improve products on earth
WHO IS INVOLVED IN PLANNING THE WORK OF THE ASTRONAUTS?
User
Define science requirements
Provide payload planning requirements
Provide expertise
Payload facility
Provide integrated facility planning requirements
Provide expertise on facility operations
Integrate sub-rack payload requirements and interface
Partner (ESA COL-CC, NASA POIC, JAXA SSIPC, ROSCOSMOS MCC-M)
Provide planning requirements for another segment
Integrate payload planning requirements for segment
Develop segment payload planning
ISS payload (NASA POIC)
Integrate segment payload planning products
Provide ISS payload planning products
Manage payload resources
ISS integrated (NASA MCC-H)
Integrate system and payload planning products
Provide integrated ISS planning products
WHAT IS THE TIME DISTRIBUTION FOR ASTRONAUTS IN THE ISS?
Pre-sleep + sleep + post sleep + meals = 10.4 hours Exercise – 2.5 hours Daily planning – 0.5 hours Work preparation – 1 hour Scheduled work – 6.5 hours
WHAT ARE THE NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTSUERIMENTS FOR AN ASTRONAUT?
1600-2000 kcal of carbohydrates 630-1000 kcal of fat 400-600 kcal of protein Vitamins Minerals
DESCRIBE THE SPACE FOOD IN THE SPACE STATIONS
Mercury / Gemini: prepared, bite size or tube, dense, low taste
Apollo: dehydrated foods, canned, utensils, bars
Skylab: freezer and warmers, 72 items: 6-day cycle menu
Space shuttle: no freezer, re-hydration and oven, commercial, food tray
Mir: heating and re-hydration, containers, choices, fresh foods following re-supply
ISS: freezers, microwave/oven, water recycling, 30-day menu, extended shelf life, salad machine, labelling, earth-like diet
LIST THE FACTORS WHY THE FOOD HAVE REDUCED TASTE AND SMELL
Head body fluids Sickness Atmosphere Stress Radiation Psychology
LIST SOME CONSIDERETION FOR HYGIENE AND LIVE IN SPACE
Washing Hair Waste collection system Sleep Tools Leisure
DESCRIBE THE ADVANTAGES OF AN EVA MISSION
Access to the worksite
Versatility
Double unplanned sorties than planned
STATE THE CURRENT PERSPECTIVE OF EVA MISSIONS?
From 1965, longest ~ 9 hours, total ~ 700, 12 moon EVAs.
The wall of EVA -> from 1997 to 2003: ISS construction
The mountain of EVA -> from 2019 to 2030: Available lunar EVA, 3 “8 hours” EVA / week
WHAT ARE THE APPROACHES TO EVA CAPABILITY WITH ROBOTS?
Telerobotics: No preparation, excellent simple tasks, strength. No dexterity
Manned: Versatile. Safety issues, time limitations
Combined: advantage of both. Bottleneck problem.
STATE THE CONDITIONS OF AN EVA MISSION
Without spacesuit: Unconscious in 5 sec (hypoxia), saliba and tears fluids boil (below 0.6 atm), cold and trapped gas expansion.
Temperature: from 120º to 200º
Metabolic Rate: From 120w to 580w (rest is 60w-800w)
Duration average: 6 hours
DESCRIBE DECOMPRESSION SICKNESS EFFECTS
Spacecraft: 1 atm, spacesuits 30%: need airlock with reduced pressure
DCS: Nitrogen bubbles in joints and muscles (the bends) or brain
Saturation radio: Accepted risk from 1.22 to 1.6
COMPARE NASA SUITS WITH RUSSIAN SUITS
STS EMU (NASA): 3 parts, 300 hPa, 1013 hPa (4 h pre-breathing) or 700 hPa (1 h prebreathing). R=1.6 ORLAN DMA (RUSSIAN): 1 part, 400 hPa, 1013 (0.5 h pre-breathing). R=1.8 Both: pure oxygen, liquid cooling garment, water subliminator, LiOH cartridge CO2 Removal
WHAT ARE THE SPACESUIT OPTIONS?
Self-contained
Umbilical to Stationary LSS
Detached Portable LSS
Pod
WHAT ARE THE HEALTH RISKS DURING EVA?
Separation from spacecraft Debris and micrometeorite Foreign body injuries (inhalation, ocular) Worksite injuries (crush, electrical) Arms/Suit injuries (burn) Shoulder/torque injuries Toxic substances Hypobaric pressure LSS failures Suit leaks Metabolic loading Thermal injuries Light glare / darkness Radiation DCS Dust toxicity
STATE THE EVA PRIMARY REQUIREMENTSUERIMENTS
Pressurized volume and breathable atmosphere CO2 removal Thermal control and insulation Physical protection from objects Waste management Radiation shielding Micrometeorites/debris shielding Communications
STATE THE EVA SECONDARY REQUIREMENTSUERIMENTS
Interface for mobility system Interface for Restraint system Hydration / nutrition Comfort Access to tools; lighting Immediate access to instructions User friendliness Minimal preparation
DESCRIBE THE EXTRAVEHICULAR MOBILITY UNIT (EMU) MATERIALS
Inner cooling garment - 2 layers
Pressure garment - 2 layers
Thermal micrometeroid garment - 8 layers
Outer cover - 1 layer
WHAT IS THE RATIO OF PREPARATION VS TIME OUTSIDE?
3.6 hours outside – 10 hours of preparation and post-EVA activities
STATE THE MONITORING REQUIREMENTSUIREMENTS OF A SPACESUIT
Suit pressure Suit temperature O2 consumption CO2 partial pressure ECG / heart rate Body temperature Radiation exposure Constant voice communication
STATE THE PROBLEMS EXPERIENCED DURING EVA
Eye irritation Improper boot fit Vomiting Toxic exposure Visor steamed up Suit ripped at helmet Rotator cuff tear Shoulder injury while lunar drilling Hypothermia and frostbites
LIST THE MEDICAL PROBLEMS THAT MIGHT HAPPEN ON AN EVA MISSION
Hypoxia / hyperoxia Hypercarbia (too much CO2) DCS Thermoregulation Thermal injury Cardiac dysrhythmias Waste management Injuries Penetrating trauma Radiation Toxic contamination Nuisance substances
